An Overview on Energy and Development of Energy Integration in Major South Asian Countries: The Building Sector

Abstract

India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh (IPB) are the largest South Asian countries in terms of land area, gross domestic product (GDP), and population. The growth in these countries is impacted by inadequate renewable energy policy and implementation over the years, resulting in slow progress towards human development and economic sustainability. These developing countries are blessed with huge potential for renewable energy resources; however, they still heavily rely on fossil fuels (93%). IPB is a major contributor to the total energy consumption of the world and its most energy-intensive building sector (India 47%, Pakistan 55% and Bangladesh 55%) displays inadequate energy performance. This paper comprehensively reviews the energy mix and consumption in IPB with special emphasis on current policies and its impact on economic and human development. The main performance indicators have been critically analyzed for the period 1970–2017. The strength of this paper is a broad overview on energy and development of energy integration in major South Asian countries. Furthermore, it presents a broad deepening on the main sector of energy consumption, i.e., the building sector. The paper also particularly analyzes the existing buildings energy efficiency codes and policies, with specific long-term recommendations to improve average energy consumption per person. The study also examines the technical and regulatory barriers and recommends specific measures to adapt renewable technologies, with special attention to policies affecting energy consumption. The analysis and results are general and can be applied to other developing countries of the world.

Determinants of Consumers’ Intentions towards the Purchase of Energy Efficient Appliances in Pakistan: An Extended Model of the Theory of Planned Behavior

“…Similarly, in Bangladesh, the electricity consumption in the household sector grew by 48% from 2010 to 2015. The sector accounts for 52% of the total electricity consumption in the country [4]. In addition, the energy demand of the residential sector has also increased due to higher adoption of technologically advanced electrical and electronic appliances [5].…”

Feasibility Study and Deployment of Solar Photovoltaic System to Enhance Energy Economics of King Abdullah Campus, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad, AJK Pakistan

“…It encourages the usage of renewable energy (RE) with various hybrid energy configurations and energy storage technologies [14,15]. The solar photovoltaic (PV) system is thought to be the most acceptable solution of energy than the other RERs [16]. The PV system is primarily centered on energy-saving and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission-reduction strategies.…”

Economic Evaluation, Use of Renewable Energy, and Sustainable Urban Development Mamminasata Metropolitan, Indonesia

“…Efforts to encourage efficient use of energy resources along with intensive searches for new, renewable energy sources are needed. Years of inadequate renewable energy policies and implementation have resulted in slow progress toward human development and economic sustainability [87,88]. Use of renewable energy is a necessity to support environmental sustainability toward the effectiveness and efficiency of the use of natural resources [89,90].…”