An overview on possible links between aflatoxin B1 exposure and gallbladder cancer

Costa, Jaqueline Figueredo de Oliveira; Lima, Nelson; Santos, Cledir

doi:10.1007/s12550-021-00431-1

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Further, the analyses of urine samples from a fraction of the Chilean rural population revealed a significant correlation between AFB 1 and Capsicum powder consumption ( R 2 : 0.18, p = 0.03) [ 44 ]. AFB 1 exposure through Capsicum and derivatives intake has been suggested as one of the risk factors responsible for high rates of gallbladder cancer among Chilean women [ 19 , 42 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. In the present study, the co-occurrence of AFB 1 and OTA was detected for c.a.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No maximum tolerable Fusarium -produced mycotoxins or patulin concentration has been established for pepper powder to date. Combined intake of different types of mycotoxins may lead to a synergistic or at least additive effect [ 6 , 19 ]. Currently, there is no regulation for combined contamination of mycotoxins in different foods, except for the control of the four aflatoxins (AFB 1 , AFB 2 , AFG 1 , and AFG 2 ) together [ 53 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AFB 1 , AFB 2 , AFG 1 , and AFG 2 are carcinogenic compounds to humans, while OTA is potentially carcinogenic [ 17 ]. These mycotoxins can affect the immune system and injure different target organs (e.g., kidneys, liver, gallbladder) [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. In Chile, the regulation for mycotoxin in spices, including Capsicum , establishes the maximum tolerance levels (MTL) for total AFs at 10 µg/kg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A during Merkén Pepper Powder Production in Chile

Costa

Santos

Soares

et al. 2022

Foods

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Berry fruits of Capsicum annuum L. cv. “Cacho de Cabra” are used for the manufacture of a traditional pepper powder known as Merkén. In the present study, aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination in berry fruits of C. annuum was determined at harvest, drying, and smoking stages of Merkén production, in cumin and coriander seeds used as Merkén ingredients, and in the final packaged Merkén produced by local farmers. Additionally, Merkén samples from local markets in the region of La Araucanía (Chile) were also evaluated. Chromatographic analysis was based on a qualitative method. AFs and OTA were not detected on pepper pods and seeds. There was no detection of AFs and OTA on cultured Aspergillus and Penicillium strains isolated from pepper pods, cumin and coriander seeds and Merkén. The lack of AFs/OTA-producers among the isolated fungal species can explain and support the absence of contamination in pepper pods. In contrast, the AFB1 was detected in 75% of Merkén obtained from farmers and 46% of Merkén samples purchased from local markets; while OTA was detected in 100% of Merkén samples obtained from farmers and local markets. In the Merkén production chain, the harvest and post-harvest are key stages for fungal growth while the commercialization stage is highly susceptible to AFs and OTA contamination.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Occurrence of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A during Merkén Pepper Powder Production in Chile

Costa

Santos

Soares

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…Death due to acute or chronic AFB 1 poisoning has been reported in India, Kenya, and other developing countries ( Krishnamachari et al, 1975 ; Probst, Njapau & Cotty, 2007 ). Studies also show that AFB 1 can induce carcinogenesis in the liver, stomach, lung, kidney, rectal colon, breast, and gallbladder ( Harrison, Carvajal & Garner, 1993 ; Wang & Groopman, 1999 ; Eom et al, 2013 ; Cui et al, 2015 ; Yip et al, 2017 ; Costa, Lima & Santos, 2021 ), and 4.6–28.2% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are the result of AFT exposure ( Kucukcakan & Hayrulai-Musliu, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress in toxicological effects and mechanism of aflatoxin B₁ toxin

Liu

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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Fungal contamination of animal feed can severely affect the health of farm animals, and result in considerable economic losses. Certain filamentous fungi or molds produce toxic secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins, of which aflatoxins (AFTs) are considered the most critical dietary risk factor for both humans and animals. AFTs are ubiquitous in the environment, soil, and food crops, and aflatoxin B1(AFB1) has been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the most potent natural group 1A carcinogen. We reviewed the literature on the toxic effects of AFB1 in humans and animals along with its toxicokinetic properties. The damage induced by AFB1 in cells and tissues is mainly achieved through cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell proliferation, and the induction of apoptosis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy. In addition, numerous coding genes and non-coding RNAs have been identified that regulate AFB1 toxicity. This review is a summary of the current research on the complexity of AFB1 toxicity, and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms as well as the phenotypic characteristics.

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Aflatoxin exposure is associated with an increased risk of gallbladder cancer

Yadav,

Gupta,

Gupta

et al. 2024

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Gall bladder cancer (GBC) is common among the socioeconomically deprived populations of certain geographical regions. Aflatoxin is a genotoxic hepatocarcinogen, which is recognized to have a role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the role of aflatoxin in the pathogenesis of GBC is largely unknown. We determined serum AFB1‐Lys albumin adduct (AAA) levels as a marker of aflatoxin exposure in the patients with GBC and compared to those without GBC. The relationship of AAA levels to cytogenetic (TP53mutation&HER2/neu amplification) and radiological characteristics of the tumor was assessed. We included GBC cases (n = 51) and non‐GBC controls (n = 100). Mean serum AAA levels were higher in the GBC group (n = 51) than those without GBC (n = 100) (26.1 ± 12.2 vs. 13.1 ± 11.9 ng/mL; p < .001). HER2/neu expression was associated with higher AAA levels compared to those with equivocal or negative expression (43.9 ± 3 vs. 28.6 ± 10 vs. 19.3 ± 7 ng/mL; p < .001). Older age (age >50 years) (odds ratio [OR] = 3.2 [CI: 1.3–8.2]; p = .013), positive Helicobacter pylori serology (OR = 5.1 [CI: 1.4–17.8]; p = .012), presence of GS (OR = 5 [CI: 1.5–16.9]; p = .009) and detectable AAA levels (OR = 6.8 [CI: 1.3–35.7]; p = .024) were independent risk factors for the presence of the GBC among all study subjects. Among patients harboring GS, older age (age >50 years) (OR = 4.5 [CI: 1.3–14.9]; p = .015), female gender (OR = 3.8 [CI: 1.2–12.5]; p = .027), presence of multiple GS (OR = 21.9 [CI: 4.8–100.4]; p < .001) and high serum AAA levels (OR = 5.3 [CI: 1.6–17.3]; p = .006) were independent risk factors for the presence of the GBC. Elderly age >50 years (OR = 2.6 [CI: 1.3–5.2]; p = .010) and frequent peanut consumption (OR = 2.3 [CI: 1.1–4.9]; p = .030) were independent risk factors for high serum AAA levels. The current study has implications for the prevention of GBC through the reduction of dietary aflatoxin exposure.

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An overview on possible links between aflatoxin B1 exposure and gallbladder cancer

Cited by 7 publications

References 76 publications

Occurrence of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A during Merkén Pepper Powder Production in Chile

Occurrence of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A during Merkén Pepper Powder Production in Chile

Research progress in toxicological effects and mechanism of aflatoxin B₁ toxin

Aflatoxin exposure is associated with an increased risk of gallbladder cancer

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An overview on possible links between aflatoxin B1 exposure and gallbladder cancer

Cited by 7 publications

References 76 publications

Occurrence of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A during Merkén Pepper Powder Production in Chile

Occurrence of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A during Merkén Pepper Powder Production in Chile

Research progress in toxicological effects and mechanism of aflatoxin B1 toxin

Aflatoxin exposure is associated with an increased risk of gallbladder cancer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Research progress in toxicological effects and mechanism of aflatoxin B₁ toxin