To reduce the dynamic scheduling cost of logistics supply chain and improve customer satisfaction, this paper proposes a dynamic scheduling method for logistics supply chain based on adaptive ant colony algorithm. First, determine the goal of dynamic scheduling in the logistics supply chain. Second, considering supplier satisfaction, transportation costs, and maximum delivery distance constraints, a dynamic scheduling model for logistics supply chain is constructed. Then by smoothing the pheromones and designing a transition function, adjusting factors are introduced to update the pheromone rules. Finally, based on the adaptive ant colony algorithm, the solution of the dynamic scheduling function of the logistics supply chain is solved to achieve the dynamic scheduling of the current logistics supply chain. The experimental results show that after 19 iterations, the method can search for the optimal route A1 group with a length of 33.85 km, with fewer iterations and shorter paths. The total cost is 114,290 yuan, and the degree of cargo loss is low, with a maximum of only 0.14%. The task completion time is short, customer satisfaction is above 0.85, and the scheduling accuracy is 99.9%. It can effectively control costs, improve customer satisfaction, and accurately arrange logistics supply chains.