An unusually compact retrotransposon in maize

Johns, Mitrick A.; Babcock, Marla S.; Fuerstenberg, Sally M.; Fuerstenberg, Susan I.; Freeling, Michael; Simpson, Robert B.

doi:10.1007/bf00044154

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…ORF1 Is a Novel Hybrid-The Bs1 ORF1 has been both predicted and shown to be translated in vitro (22,23). In vitro translation experiments also indicate that a longer polypeptide predicted for the frameshift fusion of ORF1 and ORF2 (which would span the region with similarity to the PPR-containing proteins) can be generated (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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A Novel Hybrid Open Reading Frame Formed by Multiple Cellular Gene Transductions by a Plant Long Terminal Repeat Retroelement

Elrouby

Bureau

2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The discovery that vertebrate retroviruses could transduce cellular sequences was central to cancer etiology and research. Although not well documented, transduction of cellular sequences by retroelements has been suggested to modify cellular functions. The maize Bs1 transposon was the first non-vertebrate retroelement reported to have transduced a portion of a cellular gene (c-pma). We show that Bs1 has, in addition, transduced portions of at least two more maize cellular genes, namely for 1,3-␤-glucanase (c-bg) and 1,4-␤-xylan endohydrolase (c-xe). We also show that Bs1 has maintained a truncated gag domain with similarity to the magellan gypsy-like long terminal repeat retrotransposon and a region that may correspond to an env-like domain. Our findings suggest that, like oncogenic retroviruses, the three transduced gene fragments and the Bs1 gag domain encode a fusion protein that has the potential to be expressed. We suggest that transduction by retroelements may facilitate the formation of novel hybrid genes in plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…. CA, and is immediately flanked by a 5-bp target site duplication (22,23). Other features that are common to retroelements include a canonical primer binding site that immediately follows the 5Ј-LTR and shares similarity with plant initiator methionyl-tRNA and a polypurine tract that precedes the 3Ј-LTR.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Hybrid Open Reading Frame Formed by Multiple Cellular Gene Transductions by a Plant Long Terminal Repeat Retroelement

Elrouby

Bureau

2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…For this reason, we have concluded that Bsl is a defective retrotransposon (Jin and Bennetzen, 1989). Conversely, Johns et al (1989) had postulated that B s l might be a highly compact retrotransposon that potentiates multiple translational frameshifts and/or RNA splicing events that could create what would be, at best, a highly divergent reverse transcriptase. Our analysis of Mhal homology in B s l indicates that this "best possible reverse transcriptase" region is probably located to0 close (just 53 to the transmembrane component specified by Mhal to allow the production of a functional polymerase.…”

Section: Conservation and Possible Function Of M H A L Sequences In Bslmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration and nonrandom mutation of a plasma membrane proton ATPase gene fragment within the Bs1 retroelement of maize.

1994

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Retrotransposons are a class of mobile DNA sequences in eukaryotes that transpose through a reverse-transcribed RNA intermediate. Retrotransposons containing long terminal repeats have many of the attributes of retroviruses in animals but have not been previously observed to acquire a portion of a cellular gene as RNA tumor viruses do with oncogenes. We have found homology to plasma membrane proton ATPase genes within the Bsl retrotransposon of maize, and this homology led us to clone the maize plasma membrane proton ATPase gene, which we have named Mhal. The sequence of Mhal confirmed that 654 bp of this ATPase gene are present in Bsl; this segment represents the last amino acid of exon 4, all of exons 5 to 9, and part of exon 10. All introns have been removed from this acquired DNA, whereas 81 single base pair substitutions and a deletion of 183 bp in Bsl differentiate these contiguous segments. The secondary mutations led to fewer changes in the derived Bsl protein sequence than predicted for neutra1 events, suggesting that the acquired Mhal DNA performs a selected function within Bsl. These data indicate that a retrotransposon can incorporate and transmit a portion of a standard nuclear gene transcript within its genetic material. Alternatively, these results suggest that Bsl may represent a defective version of a plant retrovirus.

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“…Over the past twenty years, several non-autonomous but active retrotransposons have been described, the best characterized being the maize elements Bs1 (Johns et al, 1985(Johns et al, , 1989Jin and Bennetzen, 1989) and Zeon (Hu et al, 1995). Bs1 has been characterized as a new insertion in the maize Adh1 locus.…”

Section: New Insights From Computer-based Studies: Non-autonomous Retmentioning

confidence: 99%

LTR retrotransposons and flowering plant genome size: emergence of the increase/decrease model

Vitte

Panaud

2005

Cytogenet Genome Res

262

208

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Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are ubiquitous components of plant genomes. Because of their copy-and-paste mode of transposition, these elements tend to increase their copy number while they are active. In addition, it is now well established that the differences in genome size observed in the plant kingdom are accompanied by variations in LTR retrotransposon content, suggesting that LTR retrotransposons might be important players in the evolution of plant genome size, along with polyploidy. The recent availability of large genomic sequences for many crop species has made it possible to examine in detail how LTR retrotransposons actually drive genomic changes in plants. In the present paper, we provide a review of the recent publications that have contributed to the knowledge of plant LTR retrotransposons, as structural components of the genomes, as well as from an evolutionary genomic perspective. These studies have shown that plant genomes undergo genome size increases through bursts of retrotransposition, while there is a counteracting process that tends to eliminate the transposed copies from the genomes. This process involves recombination mechanisms that occur either between the LTRs of the elements, leading to the formation of solo-LTRs, or between direct repeats anywhere in the sequence of the element, leading to internal deletions. All these studies have led to the emergence of a new model for plant genome evolution that takes into account both genome size increases (through retrotransposition) and decreases (through solo-LTR and deletion formation). In the conclusion, we discuss this new model and present the future prospects in the study of plant genome evolution in relation to the activity of transposable elements.

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An unusually compact retrotransposon in maize

Cited by 37 publications

References 39 publications

A Novel Hybrid Open Reading Frame Formed by Multiple Cellular Gene Transductions by a Plant Long Terminal Repeat Retroelement

A Novel Hybrid Open Reading Frame Formed by Multiple Cellular Gene Transductions by a Plant Long Terminal Repeat Retroelement

Integration and nonrandom mutation of a plasma membrane proton ATPase gene fragment within the Bs1 retroelement of maize.

LTR retrotransposons and flowering plant genome size: emergence of the increase/decrease model

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