“…Gold and silver nanoparticles are solid structures that can be associated with drugs, or can be functionalized themselves to perform a specific function: the nanoparticle itself is a drug. For the case of silica nanoparticles they can be porous and contain drugs and can even have complex multi-compartment structure, carrying many different drug molecules (Torchilin, 2007;Pattni et al, 2015;Bulbake et al, 2017;El-Hammadi and Arias, 2019;Bhardwaj et al, 2020;Crommelin et al, 2020), for example for applications like theragnostics (Janib et al, 2010). In the same fashion as solid inorganic nanoparticles, carbon architectures are contiguous solid structures, however, due to its unique chemistry, composition from carbon allows for a wide variety of forms, including carbon dots (Peng et al, 2017;Ghosal and Ghosh, 2019), nanotubes (Sun et al, 2014), nanodiamonds (Barnard, 2016;Ge and Wang, 2017), nanographene (Zhang L. et al, 2013;Sun et al, 2014;Sgarlata et al, 2016;Ghadari and Kashefi, 2017;Hasanzade and Raissi, 2017;Moradi et al, 2018;Alinejad et al, 2020;Mahdavi et al, 2020), and graphene oxide (Duverger and Picaud, 2020;Shahabi and Raissi, 2020).…”