An update on PET-based molecular imaging in neuro-oncology: challenges and implementation for a precision medicine approach in cancer care

Shooli, Hossein; Dadgar, Habibollah; Wáng, Yì-Xiáng J.; Vafaee, M; Kashuk, Saman Rassaei; Nemati, Reza; Jafari, Esmail; Nabipour, Iraj; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali; Assadi, Majid; Larvie, Mykol

doi:10.21037/qims.2019.08.16

Cited by 30 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…(R)-3 was synthesized according to the procedure for the preparation of (S)-3 using (R)-4 to afford a white solid (81%). 1…”

Section: Plos One (2s4r)-2-amino-4-(3-fluoropropyl)pentanedioic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 5-10% EtOAc/n-hexane) to afford (2S,4S)-5 as a white solid (201 mg, 0.50 mmol, 91%). 1…”

Section: Di-tert-butyl (2s4s)-4-allyl-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-penmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crude residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 33% EtOAc/n-hexane) to afford (2S,4S)-6 (884 mg, 2.12 mmol, 85%) as a white solid. 1…”

Section: Di-tert-butyl (2s4s)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(3-hydroxmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and analysis of 4-(3-fluoropropyl)-glutamic acid stereoisomers to determine the stereochemical purity of (4S)-4-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-L-glutamic acid ([18F]FSPG) for clinical use

et al. 2020

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(4S)-4-(3-[18F]Fluoropropyl)-L-glutamic acid ([18F]FSPG) is a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent for measuring the system xC− transporter activity. It has been used for the detection of various cancers and metastasis in clinical trials. [18F]FSPG is also a promising diagnostic tool for evaluation of multiple sclerosis, drug resistance in chemotherapy, inflammatory brain diseases, and infectious lesions. Due to the very short half-life (110 min) of 18F nuclide, [18F]FSPG needs to be produced on a daily basis; therefore, fast and efficient synthesis and analytical methods for quality control must be established to assure the quality and safety of [18F]FSPG for clinical use. To manufacture cGMP-compliant [18F]FSPG, all four nonradioactive stereoisomers of FSPG were prepared as reference standards for analysis. (2S,4S)-1 and (2R,4R)-1 were synthesized starting from protected L- and D-glutamate derivatives in three steps, whereas (2S,4R)-1 and (2R,4S)-1 were prepared in three steps from protected (S)- and (R)-pyroglutamates. A chiral HPLC method for simultaneous determination of four FSPG stereoisomers was developed by using a 3-cm Chirex 3126 column and a MeCN/CuSO4(aq) mobile phase. In this method, (2R,4S)-1, (2S,4S)-1, (2R,4R)-1, and (2S,4R)-1 were eluted in sequence with sufficient resolution in less than 25 min without derivatization. Scale-up synthesis of intermediates for the production of [18F]FSPG in high optical purity was achieved via stereo-selective synthesis or resolution by recrystallization. The enantiomeric excess of intermediates was determined by HPLC using a Chiralcel OD column and monitored at 220 nm. The nonradioactive precursor with >98% ee can be readily distributed to other facilities for the production of [18F]FSPG. Based on the above accomplishments, cGMP-compliant [18F]FSPG met the acceptance criteria in specifications and was successfully manufactured for human use. It has been routinely prepared and used in several pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma metastasis-related clinical trials.

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“…(R)-3 was synthesized according to the procedure for the preparation of (S)-3 using (R)-4 to afford a white solid (81%). 1…”

Section: Plos One (2s4r)-2-amino-4-(3-fluoropropyl)pentanedioic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 5-10% EtOAc/n-hexane) to afford (2S,4S)-5 as a white solid (201 mg, 0.50 mmol, 91%). 1…”

Section: Di-tert-butyl (2s4s)-4-allyl-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-penmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and analysis of 4-(3-fluoropropyl)-glutamic acid stereoisomers to determine the stereochemical purity of (4S)-4-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-L-glutamic acid ([18F]FSPG) for clinical use

et al. 2020

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“…PET is routinely used in clinical oncology as a diagnostic tool, but it is also commonly used to address different research questions in experimental medicine [39][40][41][42][43]. It can for instance be used to assess various aspects of brain and heart function and it has been widely used in drug development [44].…”

Section: Positron Emission Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of imaging to assess the activity of hepatic transporters

Hernández-Lozano

Langer

2020

Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology

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Introduction: Membrane transporters of the SLC and ABC families are abundantly expressed in the liver, where they control the transfer of drugs/drug metabolites across the sinusoidal and canalicular hepatocyte membranes and play a pivotal role in hepatic drug clearance. Noninvasive imaging methods, such as PET, SPECT or MRI, allow for measuring the activity of hepatic transporters in vivo, provided that suitable transporter imaging probes are available. Areas covered: We give an overview of the working principles of imaging-based assessment of hepatic transporter activity. We discuss different currently available PET/SPECT radiotracers and MRI contrast agents and their applications to measure hepatic transporter activity in health and disease. We cover mathematical modeling approaches to obtain quantitative parameters of transporter activity and provide a critical assessment of methodological limitations and challenges associated with this approach. Expert opinion: PET in combination with pharmacokinetic modeling can be potentially applied in drug development to study the distribution of new drug candidates to the liver and their clearance mechanisms. This approach bears potential to mechanistically assess transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions, to assess the influence of disease on hepatic drug disposition and to validate and refine currently available in vitro-in vivo extrapolation methods to predict hepatic clearance of drugs. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…PSMA is “specific” in the sense that, up to concurrent research data, no other mammals except human and dogs have such expression, while its biodistribution in the body is prescribed by the protein's preponderance concentration in the renal tubules, prostate epithelium, ileum, and ganglion cells, as well as in the neovasculature of some nonprostatic neoplasms . Of note, several studies reported PSMA expression in nervous system tumors, including meningiomas, suggesting that the uptake of PSMA‐targeted tracers in the brain may require further imaging or even biopsy for differentiating from metastasis . A brief search of PUBMED shows that there have been almost five times more publications on PSMA‐related research in 2018 as compared with 2012, which is in parallel accompanied by increasing areas of clinical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status of PSMA PET imaging in prostate cancer

Ho¹,

Wu²,

Chen³

2020

Asia-Pac J Clncl Oncology

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The past decade has witnessed the rising popularity and acceptance of molecular definitions on disease management. Prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA), in light of its molecular nature and cytokinetic properties, has rapidly become the target for development of a variety of functional tracers for PET/CT evaluation of prostate cancer. The most commonly used PSMA‐binding analog is 68Ga‐labeled PSMA‐11, which is now widely applied in both research and clinical settings. Literature data in the recent years have been enriched by a number of meta‐analyses and systemic reviews on the evolving role of PSMA PET in primary diagnosis, staging, detection of biochemical recurrence after primary cancer treatment, identification, and significance of oligometastasis, as well as in restaging and treatment monitoring. Being a highly sensitive and reasonably specific molecular tracer, PSMA‐binding analogs have a high potential to possess the majority of imaging characteristics required for a variety of management decisions in prostate malignancy.

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An update on PET-based molecular imaging in neuro-oncology: challenges and implementation for a precision medicine approach in cancer care

Cited by 30 publications

References 72 publications

Synthesis and analysis of 4-(3-fluoropropyl)-glutamic acid stereoisomers to determine the stereochemical purity of (4S)-4-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-L-glutamic acid ([18F]FSPG) for clinical use

Synthesis and analysis of 4-(3-fluoropropyl)-glutamic acid stereoisomers to determine the stereochemical purity of (4S)-4-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-L-glutamic acid ([18F]FSPG) for clinical use

Use of imaging to assess the activity of hepatic transporters

Current status of PSMA PET imaging in prostate cancer

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