An update on sleep disorders and their treatment

The neurophysiology of non-rapid eye movement sleep is characterized by the occurrence of neural network oscillations with distinct origins and frequencies, which act in concert to support sleep-dependent information processing. Thalamocortical circuits generate slow (0.25-4 Hz) oscillations reflecting synchronized temporal windows of cortical activity, whereas concurrent waxing and waning spindle oscillations (8-15 Hz) act to facilitate cortical plasticity. Meanwhile, fast (140-200 Hz) and brief (< 200 ms) hippocampal ripple oscillations are associated with the reactivation of neural assemblies recruited during prior wakefulness. The extent of the forebrain areas engaged by these oscillations, and the variety of cellular and synaptic mechanisms involved, make them sensitive assays of distributed network function. Each of these three oscillations makes crucial contributions to the offline memory consolidation processes supported by non-rapid eye movement sleep. Slow, spindle and ripple oscillations are therefore potential surrogates of cognitive function and may be used as diagnostic measures in a range of brain diseases. We review the evidence for disrupted slow, spindle and ripple oscillations in schizophrenia, linking pathophysiological mechanisms to the functional impact of these neurophysiological changes and drawing links with the cognitive symptoms that accompany this condition. Finally, we discuss potential therapies that may normalize the coordinated activity of these three oscillations in order to restore healthy cognitive function.

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Association between physical activity and sleep indicators among adolescents

Coledam,

Ré

2024

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Purpose: The aim of the present study is to analyze the association between physical activity and sleep indicators among adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 647 adolescents (53.0% female). Leisure time physical activity at low and at moderate to vigorous intensities (420 min/week) were the independent variables and the outcomes were daytime sleepiness, classroom sleepiness, poor sleep perception, sleep duration, bedtime, and wake up time. The multivariate association was performed by Poisson regression to estimate Prevalence Ratios (PR). Results: Not achieving 420 min/week of physical activity at light and at moderate to vigorous intensities was associated with a higher prevalence ratio for classroom sleepiness (PR=1.79 and 1.64), daytime sleepiness (PR=1.25 and 1.17), and poor sleep perception (PR=1.52 and 1.27), all P<0.05. However, not achieving 420 min/week showed the opposite association and decreased the prevalence ratio for having a sleep duration <8h (PR=0.74 and 0.72), P<0.05. No association was found between physical activity and bedtime or wake up time. Mediation analysis revealed that the association between physical activity and daytime sleepiness was fully mediated by a poor perception of sleep quality, while classroom sleepiness showed a partial mediation. Conclusion: Physical activity seems to have a positive effect on daytime sleepiness, classroom sleepiness, and perceived sleep quality. Poor sleep perception was the pathway through which physical activity was associated to sleepiness in the present sample. Conversely, physical activity reduced the likelihood of students achieving 8h of sleep.

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An update on sleep disorders and their treatment

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Self-reported anxiety and sleep problems in people with epilepsy and their association with quality of life

Self-reported anxiety and sleep problems in people with epilepsy and their association with quality of life

Neural oscillations during non‐rapid eye movement sleep as biomarkers of circuit dysfunction in schizophrenia

Association between physical activity and sleep indicators among adolescents

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