An update on the myriad antifungal resistance mechanisms in dermatophytes and the place of experimental and existential therapeutic agents for <i>Trichophyton</i> complex implicated in tinea corporis and cruris

Sardana, Kabir; Sharath, Savitha; Khurana, Ananta; Ghosh, Shamik

doi:10.1080/14787210.2023.2250555

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Although Candida albicans is a common fungal symbiont in the human microbiota, it may cause superficial skin, nails, and mucous membrane infections ( Glazier, 2022 ). Long-term use of azoles, allylamines, and terbinafine in the treatment of dermatophytes may develop drug resistance and toxicity, leading to treatment failure ( Sardana et al, 2023 ). The need to slow down and prevent the development of drug resistance and reduce side effects has prompted researchers to develop new alternative treatment drugs for superficial infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis, characterization, and antifungal activity of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles using Cnidium monnieri fruit extract

Ye,

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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The present study describes a novel method for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Cnidium monnieri (CM-AgNPs). Cnidium monnieri fruit is an excellent anti tinea drug that can be used externally to treat superficial fungal infections in the human body. The aqueous ethanolic extract of Cnidium monnieri fruit was prepared and employed in the synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles via biological reduction method. The synthesis conditions of CM-AgNPs was systematically optimized using Box–Behnken design. CM-AgNPs were well characterized by UV-spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and it was confirmed that the synthesized particles were AgNPs. The possible functional groups required for the reduction and stabilization of CM-AgNPs in the extract were identified through FTIR spectrum. The size of CM-AgNPs structure was confirmed to be approximately 44.6 nm in polydisperse spherical shape through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and laser dynamic light scattering (DLS). Further, the minimum inhibitory concentration 90% (MIC90) ratios values of Cm-AgNPs against Trichophyton rubrum (7 d), T. mentagrophytes (7 d) and Candida albicans (24 h) were 3.125, 3.125, and 0.78125 μg/mL, respectively, determined by the broth micro dilution method. Finally, the result was concluded that the synthesized AgNPs could be further evaluated in large scale as a potential human topical antifungal agent.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis, characterization, and antifungal activity of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles using Cnidium monnieri fruit extract

Ye,

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Safety and efficacy of the swift microwave device in patients with mild‐to‐moderate onychomycosis: Protocol of an open‐label, randomized, dose‐finding pilot study

Gupta,

Cooper,

Wang

2024

Skin Health and Disease

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BackgroundOnychomycosis is a common fungal nail disease with a prevalence rate up to 14% in North America and 24% in Europe. The current treatment paradigm is limited by a high risk of disease recurrence, safety concerns for oral agents, and a low likelihood of patients achieving both clinical improvement and mycological cure. Recent advances in device‐based treatments have allowed for the direct targeting of the infection site that bypasses drug resistance mechanisms while minimizing systemic side‐effects. The Swift® System is a microwave device that has demonstrated therapeutic potential in treating skin (e.g. verrucae vulgaris, actinic keratosis) and nail infections.MethodsWe report the protocol of an open‐label, randomized, pilot study that will be conducted at a single Canadian center. Our primary objective is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of microwave treatment (Swift® System, Emblation Ltd, Scotland, U.K.), administered at three different dosing regimens, in 45 patients with mild‐to‐moderate distal subungual onychomycosis. Our secondary objective is to identify an optimal dosing regimen, if any, to better inform the conduct of a future pivotal trial. Patients will be randomized (1:1:1) to undergo either 9 treatment sessions (5 weekly sessions plus 4 monthly sessions), 7 treatment sessions (3 sessions every 2 weeks plus 4 monthly sessions), or 12 treatment sessions every 2 weeks. At each session microwave energy will be applied in 3‐s intervals at 7–9 Watts, repeated up to 5 times at each treatment position on the nail. Overlapping treatment positions are used to ensure sufficient coverage of the infected area. Patients will be enrolled in the trial over a 12‐month period. Efficacy will be evaluated based on visual improvement and mycology testing results. Adverse events will be recorded throughout the entire study period.DiscussionThis study will be the first to report on the safety and efficacy of microwave treatment in onychomycosis patients in a trial setting; recruitment is ongoing.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05674747.

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Clinico-mycological and therapeutic updates on cutaneous dermatophytic infections in the era of Trichophyton indotineae

Khurana,

Sharath,

Sardana

et al. 2024

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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An update on the myriad antifungal resistance mechanisms in dermatophytes and the place of experimental and existential therapeutic agents for Trichophyton complex implicated in tinea corporis and cruris

Cited by 5 publications

References 100 publications

Biosynthesis, characterization, and antifungal activity of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles using Cnidium monnieri fruit extract

Biosynthesis, characterization, and antifungal activity of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles using Cnidium monnieri fruit extract

Safety and efficacy of the swift microwave device in patients with mild‐to‐moderate onychomycosis: Protocol of an open‐label, randomized, dose‐finding pilot study

Clinico-mycological and therapeutic updates on cutaneous dermatophytic infections in the era of Trichophyton indotineae

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