An update on the role of long non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of breast cancer

Ghafouri‐Fard, Soudeh; Tamizkar, Kasra Honarmand; Hussen, Bashdar Mahmud; Taheri, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.prp.2021.153373

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…LncRNAs are RNA molecules with more than 200 nucleotides and have been known to be involved in tumorigenesis in a variety of cancer types. 36 , 37 , 38 These molecules are transcribed by RNA polymerase ll from different regions of the target gene including enhancers (enhancer RNAs, eRNAs) and promoters (promoter upstream transcript, PROMPTS) and undergo post‐transcriptional processing events involving 5′‐end capping, 3′‐end polyadenylation and splicing. 39 , 40 LncRNAs are mostly located in the cytosol, where they target mRNAs and down‐regulate protein translation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐coding RNA‐associated competitive endogenous RNA regulatory networks: Novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for hepatocellular carcinoma

Moghadam

Bakhshinejad

Khalafizadeh

et al. 2021

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as the most prevalent liver malignancy, is annually diagnosed in more than half a million people worldwide. HCC is strongly associated with hepatitis B and C viral infections as well as alcohol abuse. Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) also significantly enhance the risk of liver cancer. Despite recent improvements in therapeutic approaches, patients diagnosed in advanced stages show poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence provides support for the regulatory role of non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cancer. There are a variety of reports indicating the regulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in different stages of HCC. Long non‐coding RNAs (LncRNAs) exert their effects by sponging miRNAs and controlling the expression of miRNA‐targeted genes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) perform their biological functions by acting as transcriptional regulators, miRNA sponges and protein templates. Diverse studies have illustrated that dysregulation of competing endogenous RNA networks (ceRNETs) is remarkably correlated with HCC‐causing diseases such as chronic viral infections, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. The aim of the current article was to provide an overview of the role and molecular mechanisms underlying the function of ceRNETs that modulate the characteristics of HCC such as uncontrolled cell proliferation, resistance to cell death, metabolic reprogramming, immune escape, angiogenesis and metastasis. The current knowledge highlights the potential of these regulatory RNA molecules as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in HCC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐coding RNA‐associated competitive endogenous RNA regulatory networks: Novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for hepatocellular carcinoma

Moghadam

Bakhshinejad

Khalafizadeh

et al. 2021

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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“…Since lncRNAs regulate gene expression, they have been connected to cellular mechanisms and diseases like stem cell maintenance and cancer metastasis [38,39]. Perhaps this is because they can attach to DNA, RNA, or proteins.…”

Section: Lncrnas In Cancer Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional interplay between long non-coding RNAs and Breast CSCs

et al. 2022

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Breast cancer (BC) represents aggressive cancer affecting most women’s lives globally. Metastasis and recurrence are the two most common factors in a breast cancer patient's poor prognosis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are tumor cells that are able to self-renew and differentiate, which is a significant factor in metastasis and recurrence of cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) describe a group of RNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides and do not have the ability to code for proteins. Some of these lncRNAs can be mainly produced in various tissues and tumor forms. In the development and spread of malignancies, lncRNAs have a significant role in influencing multiple signaling pathways positively or negatively, making them promise useful diagnostic and prognostic markers in treating the disease and guiding clinical therapy. However, it is not well known how the interaction of lncRNAs with CSCs will affect cancer development and progression.Here, in this review, we attempt to summarize recent findings that focus on lncRNAs affect cancer stem cell self-renewal and differentiation in breast cancer development and progression, as well as the strategies and challenges for overcoming lncRNA's therapeutic resistance.

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“…Among all epigenetic controls, emerging evidence suggests that lncRNAs can play a crucial role in all types of human cancers, including glioma , liver , lung (Chen et al, 2020c), pancreatic (Lv and Huang, 2019), ovarian (Oncul et al, 2020), pancreatic (Pandya et al, 2020), liver and breast cancer (Koboldt et al, 2012;Kagohara et al, 2018;Kansara et al, 2020;Ghafouri-Fard et al, 2021;Romualdo Cardoso et al, 2022) etc. LncRNAs are one class among different non-coding RNA species uncovered and accounted for ~80% of the total mammalian genome (Esteller, 2008;Kagohara et al, 2018) (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FIGURE 5Showing long noncoding RNAs mediated different cancer related signaling pathways. Adapted from(Ghafouri-Fard et al, 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

Coding roles of long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer: Emerging molecular diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets with special reference to chemotherapy resistance

et al. 2023

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Dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms have been depicted in several pathological consequence such as cancer. Different modes of epigenetic regulation (DNA methylation (hypomethylation or hypermethylation of promotor), histone modifications, abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs, and small nucleolar RNAs), are discovered. Particularly, lncRNAs are known to exert pivot roles in different types of cancer including breast cancer. LncRNAs with oncogenic and tumour suppressive potential are reported. Differentially expressed lncRNAs contribute a remarkable role in the development of primary and acquired resistance for radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. A wide range of molecular subtype specific lncRNAs have been assessed in breast cancer research. A number of studies have also shown that lncRNAs may be clinically used as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer. Such molecular biomarkers have also been found in cancer stem cells of breast tumours. The objectives of the present review are to summarize the important roles of oncogenic and tumour suppressive lncRNAs for the early diagnosis of breast cancer, metastatic potential, and chemotherapy resistance across the molecular subtypes.

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An update on the role of long non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of breast cancer

Cited by 18 publications

References 191 publications

Non‐coding RNA‐associated competitive endogenous RNA regulatory networks: Novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for hepatocellular carcinoma

Non‐coding RNA‐associated competitive endogenous RNA regulatory networks: Novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for hepatocellular carcinoma

Functional interplay between long non-coding RNAs and Breast CSCs

Coding roles of long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer: Emerging molecular diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets with special reference to chemotherapy resistance

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