An Update on the Safety of Foods of Animal Origin and Feeds

Pulina, Giuseppe; Battacone, Gianni; Brambilla, G; Cheli, F.; Danieli, Pier Paolo; Masoero, Francesco; Pietri, Amedeo; Ronchi, Bruno

doi:10.4081/ijas.2014.3571

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…Actually, there are limited scientific evidences regarding the negative effects of mycotoxin ingestion on the health status and performance of cattle and the evaluation of the real economic impact of mycotoxins on ruminant livestock production system still represents a main issue that deserves further investigation [ 2 , 3 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 ]. We present in Table 4 the majority of in vitro published works where researchers investigated the effects of mycotoxin presence on rumen microbiota, whereas in Table 5 are summarized results from several in vivo studies designed to investigate effect of mycotoxin ingestion in ruminants.…”

Section: Effect Of Mycotoxins Ingestion On Ruminants: Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AFs as group are considered the most potent carcinogenic natural substances and have been classified as group 1 carcinogens by International Agency for Research on Cancer [ 208 ]. When ingested, AFs are rapidly adsorbed in the gastro-intestinal tract and quickly appear as metabolites in blood just after 5 min [ 209 ] and in milk at first milking [ 139 , 169 , 210 , 211 ]. The principal oxidized metabolite of AFB 1 ( i.e.…”

Section: Effect Of Mycotoxins Ingestion On Ruminants: Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Review on Mycotoxin Issues in Ruminants: Occurrence in Forages, Effects of Mycotoxin Ingestion on Health Status and Animal Performance and Practical Strategies to Counteract Their Negative Effects

Gallo

Giuberti

Frisvad

et al. 2015

Toxins

293

287

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Ruminant diets include cereals, protein feeds, their by-products as well as hay and grass, grass/legume, whole-crop maize, small grain or sorghum silages. Furthermore, ruminants are annually or seasonally fed with grazed forage in many parts of the World. All these forages could be contaminated by several exometabolites of mycotoxigenic fungi that increase and diversify the risk of mycotoxin exposure in ruminants compared to swine and poultry that have less varied diets. Evidence suggests the greatest exposure for ruminants to some regulated mycotoxins (aflatoxins, trichothecenes, ochratoxin A, fumonisins and zearalenone) and to many other secondary metabolites produced by different species of Alternaria spp. (e.g., AAL toxins, alternariols, tenuazonic acid or 4Z-infectopyrone), Aspergillus flavus (e.g., kojic acid, cyclopiazonic acid or β-nitropropionic acid), Aspergillus fuminatus (e.g., gliotoxin, agroclavine, festuclavines or fumagillin), Penicillium roqueforti and P. paneum (e.g., mycophenolic acid, roquefortines, PR toxin or marcfortines) or Monascus ruber (citrinin and monacolins) could be mainly related to forage contamination. This review includes the knowledge of mycotoxin occurrence reported in the last 15 years, with special emphasis on mycotoxins detected in forages, and animal toxicological issues due to their ingestion. Strategies for preventing the problem of mycotoxin feed contamination under farm conditions are discussed.

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Section: Effect Of Mycotoxins Ingestion On Ruminants: Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Mycotoxins Ingestion On Ruminants: Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Mycotoxin Issues in Ruminants: Occurrence in Forages, Effects of Mycotoxin Ingestion on Health Status and Animal Performance and Practical Strategies to Counteract Their Negative Effects

Gallo

Giuberti

Frisvad

et al. 2015

Toxins

293

287

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The designation of mycotoxins includes a group of highly heterogeneous compounds, in terms of chemical structure and toxicological properties [2], with a low molecular mass [3]. The classification of mycotoxins is a complex task since they have diverse chemical structures and biosynthetic origins and, also, they are produced by a great variety of fungal species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Biomonitoring of Mycotoxins in Blood, Plasma and Serum in Recent Years: A Review

Arce-López

Lizarraga

Vettorazzi

et al. 2020

Toxins

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This manuscript reviews the state-of-the-art regarding human biological monitoring (HBM) of mycotoxins in plasma, serum and blood samples. After a comprehensive and systematic literature review, with a focus on the last five years, several aspects were analyzed and summarized: (a) the biomarkers analyzed and their encountered levels, (b) the analytical methodologies developed and (c) the relationship between biomarker levels and some illnesses. In the literature reviewed, aflatoxin B1-lysine (AFB1-lys) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in plasma and serum were the most widely studied mycotoxin biomarkers for HBM. Regarding analytical methodologies, a clear increase in the development of methods for the simultaneous determination of multiple mycotoxins has been observed. For this purpose, the use of liquid chromatography (LC) methodologies, especially when coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) or high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has grown. A high percentage of the samples analyzed for OTA or aflatoxin B1 (mostly as AFB1-lys) in the reviewed papers were positive, demonstrating human exposure to mycotoxins. This review confirms the importance of mycotoxin human biomonitoring and highlights the important challenges that should be faced, such as the inclusion of other mycotoxins in HBM programs, the need to increase knowledge of mycotoxin metabolism and toxicokinetics, and the need for reference materials and new methodologies for treating samples. In addition, guidelines are required for analytical method validation, as well as equations to establish the relationship between human fluid levels and mycotoxin intake.

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“…The key to this method is the regression modeling of multiple dependent variables and multiple independent variables. Introducing a residual matrix E, the equation relating the response variable Y and the spectral matrix X is as follows [35]:…”

Section: Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma (SDPP) based on Electronic Nose and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Data

Han

Lü

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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Recent studies have indicated that spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) is a potential transmission route for African swine fever (ASF). Therefore, it is essential to develop rapid, high-efficiency analytical methods to detect SDPP, aiming to both restrict the abuse of SDPP and block the spread of ASF through feed additive. The feasibility of detecting SDPP using an electronic nose and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is explored and validated by a principal component analysis (PCA). Both discrimination experiments and prediction experiments were implemented to compare the detect feature of the two techniques. On this basis, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS–DA) under various preprocessing methods was used to develop a qualitative discriminant model for estimating the prediction performance. Before selecting a specific regression model for the quantitative analysis of SDPP, a continuum regression (CR) model was employed to explore and choose the potential most appropriate regression model for these two different types of datasets. The results showed that the optimal regression model adopted partial least squares regression (PLSR) with the Savitzky–Golay first derivative and mean-center preprocessing for the NIRS dataset ( R p 2 = 0.999, RMSEP = 0.1905). Overall, combining the NIRS technique with multivariate data analysis methods shows more possibilities than an electronic nose for rapidly detecting the usage of SDPP in mixed feed samples, which could provide an effective way to control the spread of ASF.

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An Update on the Safety of Foods of Animal Origin and Feeds

Cited by 25 publications

References 86 publications

Review on Mycotoxin Issues in Ruminants: Occurrence in Forages, Effects of Mycotoxin Ingestion on Health Status and Animal Performance and Practical Strategies to Counteract Their Negative Effects

Review on Mycotoxin Issues in Ruminants: Occurrence in Forages, Effects of Mycotoxin Ingestion on Health Status and Animal Performance and Practical Strategies to Counteract Their Negative Effects

Human Biomonitoring of Mycotoxins in Blood, Plasma and Serum in Recent Years: A Review

Detection of Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma (SDPP) based on Electronic Nose and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Data

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