An update review on recent skin fillers

Abstract

Facial rejuvenation has changed over the last decade, evolving from the rhytidectomy to an approach that focuses on revolumization, due to a more complete understanding of the changes to bone and soft tissue that occur with the aging face. Soft tissue augmentation using various injectable filler agents has gained popularity due to their nonsurgical, non-invasive procedures, instant cosmetic outcomes and limited recovery time. The skin filler market is booming and the variety of available skin fillers is increasing, providing the plastic surgeons many choices. Nonpermenant, biodegradable, resorbable agents may induce little complications, but they will normally disappear soon after injection. Semipermenant, biodegradable, biostimulary, nonresorbable fillers may induce a bit more complications, but they will normally disappear spontaneously in a few months. Permanent, nonresorbable fillers usually give rise to severe complications or reactions which may not disappear spontaneous. They may appear several years after the injection, and treatment is often insufficient. Unfortunately, the ideal filler with lasting effect but without any complication has not been discovered yet. In this review, we give an update on currently available skin filler agents, and what is new in recent 5 years.

Hyaluronan-based hydrogels as dermal fillers: The biophysical properties that translate into a “volumetric” effect

“…Diverse proprietary manufacturing technologies (i.e., Vycross, NASHA, CMP etc.) have been developed and are currently employed for HA filler production [3,5,6]. As the understanding of processes governing facial aging improves, HA gel design is being upgraded to match specific clinical needs.…”

Comparative study of rheological properties and preclinical data of porous polycaprolactone microsphere dermal fillers

“…As more people pursue these goals, an increasing number of related products have entered the market. Since the 1980s, dermal fillers have been widely used for their cosmetic effects in the facial area for those who want to slow down the aging process …”

“…Polycaprolactone and CMC have been used successfully for decades in numerous CE‐ and FDA‐approved bioresorbable device applications in the medical and pharmaceutical industries, and CMC is a well‐known carrier for dermal filler …”

Comparative Analyses of Inflammatory Response and Tissue Integration of 14 Hyaluronic Acid-Based Fillers in Mini Pigs

“…37 , 38 Furthermore, HA dermal fillers that are injected too superficially could result in irregularities in gel distribution and the formation of visible lumps under the skin. 39 Therefore, in actual clinical practice, the same HA dermal filler injected into different locations within the skin might produce different results. Moreover, superficial layers of the skin may serve as high-risk areas for uneven filler distribution; therefore, the correct placement of HA dermal filler into the appropriate region as recommended by the manufacturer is important.…”