Anaerobic production and transformation of aromatic hydrocarbons and substituted phenols by ferulic acid-degrading BESA-inhibited methanogenic consortia

Grbić-Galić, D.

doi:10.1016/0378-1097(86)90047-9

Cited by 10 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Further evidence for pCr oxidation to pOHB by sediment enrichments under sulfate-reducing conditions was recently demonstrated by Smolenski and Suflita (17) with detection of the respective hydroxybenzyl alcohol and hydroxybenzaldehyde intermediates in the pathway. In addition, Grbic-Galic (12) has suggested that a similar metabolic mode may operate in a toluene-degrading methanogenic consortium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic oxidation of p-cresol mediated by a partially purified methylhydroxylase from a denitrifying bacterium

et al. 1989

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Anoxic cell extracts of a denitrifying bacterial isolate were shown to oxidize p-cresol to phydroxybenzoate. Oxidation of the substrate was independent of molecular oxygen and required nitrate as the natural terminal electron acceptor. Two enzyme activities were implicated in the pathway utilized by PC-07. A p-cresol methylhydroxylase mediated the oxidation ofp-cresol to p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, which was further oxidized to p-hydroxybenzoate by an NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase. The PC-07 methylhydroxylase was partially purified by anion-exchange chromatography. The protein appeared to be a multifunctional flavocytochrome, which first oxidized p-cresol to p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, which was then oxidized to p-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The identity of the aldehyde was confirmed by mass spectroscopy. The PC-07 methylhydroxylase had a limited substrate range and required an alkyl-substituted phenolic ring with a hydroxyl group in the para position. From the available evidence, p-cresol, a naturally occurring phenol, exhibited the greatest affinity to the enzyme and therefore may be its natural substrate.A p-cresol (pCr)-utilizing, denitrifying bacterium, PC-07, has been previously isolated and described (4). The isolate is one member of a bacterial coculture comprising two denitrifying species which interdependently utilize pCr as the sole source of carbon for growth under anaerobic conditions (5). Initially, substrate oxidation to p-hydroxybenzoate (pOHB) is mediated by the PC-07 isolate and provides the ring fission substrate to the second member of the coculture; neither isolate is able to use the respective substrate of its partner for growth under anaerobic conditions. The PC-07 isolate, however, can utilize pCr as its sole source of carbon for growth under aerobic conditions. Studies with whole-cell suspensions of PC-07 have established the pathway for the anaerobic oxidation of pCr to pOHB via p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (pHBZ) intermediates. Substrate oxidation depends on the stoichiometric reduction of N03-to N2.The studies presented here further characterized the anaerobic oxidation of pCr by cell extracts of the PC-07 isolate. In addition, these studies described the partial purification and characterization of a pCr methylhydroxylase enzyme (PCMH) which mediates the initial oxidation of pCr. MATERIALS AND METHODS

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic oxidation of p-cresol mediated by a partially purified methylhydroxylase from a denitrifying bacterium

et al. 1989

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“…The product formed, 3-methoxyphloretic acid, may then be slowly decarboxylated [48] or demethylated by ntmen anaerobes to yield, after 7 days incubation, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, vanillic acid and then probably acetate, isobutyrate plus n-butyrate [46]. In the rumen, it is probably easily converted to catechol [SO,Sl], but catechol seems resistant [52] and will take longer for degradation -more than 3 weeks [SO,S3] -and may previously be converted to phenol [54]. In the rumen, it is probably easily converted to catechol [SO,Sl], but catechol seems resistant [52] and will take longer for degradation -more than 3 weeks [SO,S3] -and may previously be converted to phenol [54].…”

Section: Degradation Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the infusion of several hydroxycinnamic acids in the rumen of sheep, phenyl-3-propionic acid was principally recovered in the rumen, while 60-106% of the acids infused were excreted in urine as benzoic acid and 20% of the dose as cinnamic acid [61]. Nevertheless, since methanogenic consortia produced phenylacetate [54,64], they may also do so in the rumen, whereas the low proportion o? Enterobucter rapidly produced phenyl-3-propionic acid, but decarboxylated it into phenylacetic acid at a low rate (20% in 15 days) [63].…”

Section: Degradation Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since decarboxylation occurs preferably on 4-hydroxylated aromatic compounds [60], the degradation of phenyl-3-propionic acid is probably very low [61]. Phenyl-3-propionic acid may also be deacetylated and converted to benzoic acid [54,65]. Nevertheless, since methanogenic consortia produced phenylacetate [54,64], they may also do so in the rumen, whereas the low proportion o?…”

Section: Degradation Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transformations of structural phenylpropanoids during cell wall digestion

Besle

Jouany

Cornu

1995

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

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Phenylpropanoids limit the degradation of cell walls of roughages in herbivores but at the same time undergo transformations in the digestive tract. This review outlines the main transformations that occur in the rumen. All the monomeric aromatics tested are fully degraded under anaerobic conditions which favour electron transfer. Six main strains of bacteria degrade monomeric phenols in the rumen by several mechanisms. In addition, some fungi and bacteria are able to release, and possibly to metabolise the esterified hydroxycinnamic acids found in forage cell walls. The first step in the degradation of these acids is their reduction to non‐toxic compounds, which are often growth factors. However, total degradation of monoaromatics is difficult to achieve in vivo because of the small population of organisms able to metabolise them abd the limited transit time of the substrates in the rumen. Oligolignols are also degraded to different extents depending on their size and molecular structure. Lignins are partly solubilised during cell wall degradation. They may also undergo other transformations such as demethylation and dehydroxylation. The amount of lignin that seems to be degraded in rumen fluid is low but probably higher than under other anaerobic environments over the same period of time. It is generally accepted that the digestibility of forage lignins is low. However, the wide range of values measured (from minus 0.46 to 0.64) is related either to the measurement method or to the transformations that the lignins may undergo in the digestive tract, or to both. An indigestible fraction of lignins could serve as a reliable cell wall marker but none of the fractions used to date has proved entirely satisfactory for this purpose. Future research in this field would involve better knowledge about the transformation of phenylpropanoids and the development of microbial activity on these compounds. This would improve phenolics degradation and consequently carbohydrate utilization.

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“…5 b). It has been suggested that aromatic compounds are intermediate degradation products of organic material to CH 4 [Grbic-Galic, 1986;Kotsyurbenko et al, 2004]. Kotsyurbenko et al [2004] hypothesized that they may be released from lignin, humic acids, or aromatic amino acids.…”

Section: Kegg Ortholog Function Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeal and Bacterial Community Structure in an Anaerobic Digestion Reactor (Lagoon Type) Used for Biogas Production at a Pig Farm

et al. 2017

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Biogas production from animal waste is an economically viable way to reduce environmental pollution and produce valuable products, i.e., methane and a nutrient-rich organic waste product. An anaerobic digestion reactor for biogas production from pig waste was sampled at the entrance, middle (digestion chamber), and exit of a digester, while the bacterial and archaeal community structure was studied by 16S rRNA gene metagenomics. The number of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU)-97% was 3-7 times larger than that of archaeal ones. Bacteria and Archaea found in feces of animals (e.g., Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Methanosarcina, Methanolobus, Methanosaeta, and Methanospirillum) dominated the entrance of the digester. The digestion chamber was dominated by anaerobic sugar-fermenting OP9 bacteria and the syntrophic bacteria Candidatus Cloacamonas (Waste Water of Evry 1; WWE1). The methanogens dominant in the digestion chamber were the acetoclastic Methanosaeta and the hydrogenothrophic Methanoculleus and Methanospirillum. Similar bacterial and archaeal groups that dominated in the middle of the digestion chamber were found in the waste that left the digester. Predicted functions associated with degradation of xenobiotic compounds were significantly different between the sampling locations. The microbial community found in an anaerobic digestion reactor loaded with pig manure contained microorganisms with biochemical capacities related to the 4 phases of methane production.

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Anaerobic production and transformation of aromatic hydrocarbons and substituted phenols by ferulic acid-degrading BESA-inhibited methanogenic consortia

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Anaerobic oxidation of p-cresol mediated by a partially purified methylhydroxylase from a denitrifying bacterium

Anaerobic oxidation of p-cresol mediated by a partially purified methylhydroxylase from a denitrifying bacterium

Transformations of structural phenylpropanoids during cell wall digestion

Archaeal and Bacterial Community Structure in an Anaerobic Digestion Reactor (Lagoon Type) Used for Biogas Production at a Pig Farm

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