Anaesthetic efficacy of clove oil, benzocaine, 2-phenoxyethanol and tricaine methanesulfonate in juvenile marbled spinefoot (Siganus rivulatus)

Abstract

Anaesthetics are used in aquaculture and fisheries to facilitate routine procedures, such as capture, handling, transportation, tagging, grading and measurements that can often cause injury or induce physiological stress. Two experiments were performed to assess the efficacies of four anaesthetic agents, clove oil, benzocaine, 2-phenoxyethanol and MS-222 on juvenile marbled spinefoot rabbitfish (Siganus rivulatus). In the first experiment we tested the lowest effective doses that produced induction and recovery times in 3 min or less and 5 min or less respectively. Dosages were 70 mg L À1 for clove oil, 60-70 mg L À1 for benzocaine, 400 lL L À1 for 2-phenoxyethanol and 100-125 mg L À1 for MS-222. In the second experiment, we determined optimal concentrations of the four anaesthetics if they were to be used to transport rabbitfish fry. Anaesthetic concentrations suitable for handling and transport were: 10-15 mg L À1 of MS-222, 5-10 mg L À1 of benzocaine, 5 mg L À1 of clove oil and 50-100 lL L À1 of 2-phenoxyethanol. All anaesthetic agents are acceptable for use on S. rivulatus, however, 2-phenoxyethanol, MS-222 and clove oil appear to be more suitable than benzocaine. Further studies need to be conducted on effects of high and low doses of anaesthetic agents on physiology of marbled spinefoot.

The effect of anesthetics on carotenoid pigmentation and behavior in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)

“…However, the doses used are commonly used for anesthetizing teleost fish (Christiansen et al, 2013;Ghanawi et al, 2013;Neiffer and Stamper, 2009;Topic Popovic et al, 2012;Trushenski et al, 2012;Zahl et al, 2012), and the doses were based on a pre-study and strict criteria for anesthesia were used, that is, until the fish lost equilibrium and had no response to tactile stimuli. Further, the latency to anesthesia did not differ more than 20 seconds between treatments (87.7 to 106.5 seconds).…”

Anaesthetic efficacy of MS-222 and AQUI-S®in advanced size fry of rohu,Labeo rohita,(Hamilton-Buchanan)

“…; Pawar, Sanaye, Sreepada, Harish, Suryavanshi & Ansari ; Chambel et al . ; Ghanawi, Samer & Imad ) . However, some fish species required high concentration (140–150 mg L −1 ) of MS‐222 to achieve desirable induction (≤3 min) and recovery (≤5 min) compare with this species (Roubach, De Carvalho & Val ; Mercy, Malika & Sajan ; Mitjana, Bonastre, Insua, Falceto, Esteban, Josa & Espinosa ).…”

Sedative effect of 2-phenoxyethanol and essential oil of Lippia alba on stress response in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

“…There are few studies reporting the effects of anesthetics at low concentrations for fish handling, particularly in relation to 2-PHE (Ghanawi et al, 2013;Molinero and Gonzalez, 1995;Ortuño et al, 2002). For S. aurata, the stress response when anesthetics are used may vary, depending on the type of stressor agent applied.…”

“…These concentrations were chosen based on the results of experiment I (for EOLA) and those of Ghanawi et al (2013) (for 2-PHE) after previous tests on S. aurata (data not shown). Throughout the experimental period of 4 h, the stressed groups were chased every 50 min, persecuted for 1 min, and then the persecution was stopped for 30 s before it was reset for a further 1 min.…”