Anafilaxia perioperatoria

Abstract

Introduction:Anaphylaxis is a severe hypersensitivity reaction that is life-threatening for the patient. Diagnosis and perioperative management represent a challenge for the anesthesiologist, mainly due to the difficulty of making an adequate differential diagnosis and early resuscitation with adrenaline and fluid therapy. Objectives: To describe the epidemiology and clinical presentation of patients who present anaphylaxis during a surgical intervention with general or regional anesthesia in the operating room of the Arturo López Pérez Foundation during the years 2018 to 2022. Material and Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Nineteen patients were identified through the laboratory record of request for serum tryptase from the ward. Data were obtained from the electronic and physical clinical record. Results: 19 patients developed perioperative anaphylaxis, with a frequency of 1:1065 cases from 2018 to 2022. The main cause identified was latex. 61% of the reactions were grade 3, of which all received treatment with adrenaline. There were no deaths associated with anaphylactic shock. Conclusions: Perioperative anaphylaxis is a rare event in the ward, but with significant associated morbidity. A high index of suspicion is required for timely diagnosis and treatment.Contrary to what has been reported in Europe and North America, latex continues to be an important cause. Adrenaline as a cornerstone of management must be administered early. Follow-up must be carried out by an immunologist to detect the triggering cause and avoid future reexposure.