Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn.

Abstract

Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. (Verbenaceae) is very popular among the traditional practitioners in Bangladesh for the treatment of local pain and inflammation, skin diseases, topical burns etc. However, so far no scientific study has been carried out which may support its uses in traditional medicine. In the present study, we evaluated the possible analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of C. inerme for the first time. Analgesic activity was assessed by using acetic acid-induced writhing and heat-induced pain in mice and anti-inflammatory activity using xylene-induced ear edema in mice at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight. The extract significantly (P< 0.05) attenuated the acetic acid-induced writhing with the highest activity being observed at 500 mg/kg b.w. (45.83%) comparable to that of diclofenac sodium (57.64%), the standard drug. A significant dosedependent increase (P< 0.05) of the latency period was also observed in hot plate method. In the xylene-induced inflammation assay, the extract showed significant (P<0.05) and dose dependant inhibitory effect on the edema formation. These findings indicate that the extract has significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities which support the folkloric claim of this plant and thus it has a great potential as source of natural products-derived drug.

Merlot grape pomace hydroalcoholic extract improves the oxidative and inflammatory states of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis

“…With this purpose several preparations rich in antioxidant flavonoids or purified flavonoids have been investigated (Somasundaram & Oommen, 2013). Clereodendrum inerme, for example, exerts anti-inflammatory actions that have been attributed mainly to its flavonoid constituents (Khanam et al, 2014;Somasundaram & Oommen, 2013). Tamarindus indica seed extracts, rich in procyanidins, show protective efficacy against arthritis-associated oxidative damage (Sundaram et al, 2014).…”

Bioassay-guided isolation and mechanistic action of anti-inflammatory agents from Clerodendrum inerme leaves

“…Methanol extract of C. inerme leaves is reported to inhibit sub-chronic inflammation in cotton pellet-induced granuloma in mice (Yankanchi and Koli, 2010). Recently, ethanol extracts of C. inerme exhibited anti-inflammatory in carrageenan-induced paw edema and xylene-induced ear edema (Kalavathi and Sagayagiri, 2014;Khanam et al, 2014). Such in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of C. inerme indicated the presence of anti-inflammatory agents.…”

Cytogenotoxic effects of 3-epicaryoptin inAllium cepaL. root apical meristem cells

“…The plant is used in ayurvedic | P a g e medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as rheumatism, asthma, stomach pains, hepatitis, skin disease, tumours, etc. (Kirtikar and Basu, 1975;Muthu et al, 2006) Pharmacological studies have showed that C. inerme leaves have analgesic and antiinflammatory (Amirtharaj et al, 2010;Khanam et al, 2014), antidiabetic (Rajeev et al, 2012, antipyretic (Thirumal et al, 2013, mosquito larvicidal (Kalyanasundaram and Das, 1985, hepatoprotective (Chakraborthy and Verma, 2013), antifungal (Sharma and Verma, 1991), antimicrobial (Anandhi and Ushadevi, 2013;George and Pandalai, 1949), antiviral (Mehdi et al, 1997) and anticancer (Manoharan et al 2006;Chouhan et al, 2018;Kalavathi et al, 2016) activities. Phytochemical investigation of different parts of the C. inerme revealed the presence of glycosides, anthraquinones, proteins, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, iridoids, diterpenes, triterpenes, sterols, steroids, carbohydrates, fixed oils, volatile oils, lignin, etc (Prasad et al, 2012;Tanu et al, 2011).…”