Análisis multivariante en las faltas indirectas de la FIFA World Cup 2014

Abstract

Título: Análisis multivariante del tiro libre indirecto en la Copa del Mundo de la FIFA 2014. Resumen: Los tiros libres indirectos son situaciones que se producen con regularidad durante los partidos de fútbol, siendo acciones potencialmente trascendentales en el resultado final de los partidos. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron determinar la efectividad de estas acciones, identificar las variables asociadas con el éxito y proponer un modelo de tiro libre indirecto exitoso. Fueron codificados y analizados 506 tiros libres indirectos registrados en los 64 partidos de la FIFA World Cup Brasil 2014, se llevaron a cabo análi-sis univariados, bivariados (Ji-Cuadrado) y multivariados (regresión logística binaria), los resultados indican una baja eficacia en el remate, remate entre los tres palos y el gol en este tipo de acciones. En cambio, el 89% de los goles con procedencia en un tiro libre indirecto han contribuido a sumar puntos en el resultado final de los partidos. La organización ofensiva, basada en maniobras de creación y ocupación de espacios, y la intervención de hasta 4 jugadores, son variables que se han revelado como moduladoras de la eficacia. Sin duda, estos enunciados podrían suponer un punto de partida para dotar a entrenadores de nuevas herramientas tácticas con el fin de dotar de un perfil más eficaz en este tipo de acciones. Palabras clave: Regresión logística; metodología observacional; fútbol; saque de esquina.Abstract: Indirect free kicks are relatively common in soccer and have the potential to change the outcome of a match. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of these kicks, to identify variables associated with success, and propose a model for optimal execution. We analyzed and coded 506 indirect free kicks taken in 64 matches during the FIFA 2014 World Cup in Brazil and conducted univariate, bivariate (chi-square), and multivariate (binary logistic regression) analyses. Our results show very low success rates in terms of shots, shots between the posts, and goals. Nevertheless, 89% of goals scored from indirect free kicks led to the teams gaining valuable points. Determinants of success included a dynamic attack based on the creation and occupation of spaces and the intervention of up to four attackers. Our findings offer an interesting starting point for trainers to build on tactical strategies designed to improve free-kick performance.

The Specificity of Observational Studies in Physical Activity and Sports Sciences: Moving Forward in Mixed Methods Research and Proposals for Achieving Quantitative and Qualitative Symmetry

“…For this reason we believe that it is time to reconsider studies that apply systematic observation through a mixed method design in sport and physical activity. Examples include shots in soccer (Maneiro et al, 2017), handball (Freitas et al, 2010), or basketball (Fernández et al, 2009), corner kicks and throw-ins (Casal et al, 2015), symmetry of actions and reactions in fencing (Tarragó et al, 2017), maneuvers in synchronized swimming (Rodríguez-Zamora et al, 2014), errors in judo (Gutierrez-Santiago et al, 2013), pace during track events (Aragón et al, 2017), influence of ball size on children's performance in basketball (Lapresa et al, 2013a), use of gestures and signals by coaches and physical education teachers (Castañer et al, 2013), and compliance with rules and regulations, which themselves serve as a reference framework. The key to accurately capturing these realities lies in the application of an observational methodology that consists of the following successive stages: construction of an ad-hoc observation instrument, computerized recording and coding of behaviors observed, data quality control, and quantitative analysis of resulting datasets using adequate techniques for obtaining structured categorical data (in particular, lag sequential analysis, polar coordinate analysis, and T-pattern detection).…”

Observational Analysis of Corner Kicks in High-Level Football: A Mixed Methods Study

“…This shows that offensive soccer has changed, and that teams are currently more offensive, with a greater number of players attacking in search of finishing the move [40]. This increase in the will to attack in professional football may be due to the low success rate of the attacks, since it only reaches 1% in dynamic play [41], and 2.3% in set pieces [16,42].…”

Analysis of the Variability of the Game Space in High Performance Football: Implementation of the Generalizability Theory

“…Other authors have focused their efforts on tactical variability (Okihara et al, 2004;Moura et al, 2013;Maneiro et al, 2017). The work of Frencken et al (2012), discovered that the greatest physical variability ratios are associated with transcendental moments of the game, such as the goal or shot to goal.…”