Analysing Emergent Dynamics of Evolving Computation in 2D Cellular Automata

McCaskill, John S.; Packard, Norman H.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34500-6_1

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…CA was first created by J. von Neumann, the father of computers, in order to simulate the self-replication function of living systems. It is composed of cells, space, state, neighbors and evolution rule [22], which can be expressed as the following quaternion: (2) Demand point. Under the premise that there is no isolated demand point in the network, arbitrary demand point s i needs to be delivered by all service providers.…”

Section: Constraint Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Air Route Network Planning Model of Logistics UAV Terminal Distribution in Urban Low Altitude Airspace

Zhang

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Traditional terminal logistics distribution in urban areas is mainly concentrated on the ground, which leads to increasingly serious air pollution and traffic congestion. With the popularization of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) techniques and the reform of low altitude airspace, terminal logistics distribution is expected to be carried out by drones. Therefore, it is of great significance to construct a reasonable air route network for logistics UAV to ensure the safety and efficiency of operations. In this paper, a single route planning model and an air route network planning model for UAV were constructed by fully considering the complex urban low altitude environment, the flight performance of UAV and the characteristics of logistics tasks to regulate the flights of drones. Then, taking Jiangjun Road Campus of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics as an example, the improved cellular automata (CA) was adopted to search for the optimal route between different waypoints, and the optimal spanning tree algorithm was used to construct the route network. The experimental results demonstrated that the improved CA could greatly reduce search time and obtain the optimal route while enhancing safety. With the satisfaction of the voyage, the needs of logistics and distribution constraints, a network that had smaller intersection points and redundancy was generated. The models and core ideas proposed in this paper can not only regulate operation of drones but also provide a solid foundation for the distribution of logistics UAV in the future.

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Section: Constraint Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Constraint Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Air Route Network Planning Model of Logistics UAV Terminal Distribution in Urban Low Altitude Airspace

Zhang

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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“…The CLA comprises a CA and an LA. A CA is a system based on cells that are presented in a grid-like structure [40,41]. Each cell is a discrete individual that contains certain information and rules.…”

Section: Cellular Learning Automatonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and Feedback Control of Paving Quality of Earth-Rock Dam Based on OODA Loop

Wang

Chen

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Paving thickness and evenness are two key factors that affect the paving operation quality of earth-rock dams. However, in the recent study, both of the key factors characterising the paving quality were measured using finite point random sampling, which resulted in subjectivity in the detection and a lag in the feedback control. At the same time, the on-site control of the paving operation quality based on experience results in a poor and unreliable paving quality. To address the above issues, in this study, a novel assessment and feedback control framework for the paving operation quality based on the observe–orient–decide–act (OODA) loop is presented. First, in the observation module, a cellular automaton is used to convert the location of the bulldozer obtained by monitoring devices into the paving thickness of the levelling layer. Second, in the orient module, the learning automaton is used to update the state of the corresponding and surrounding cells. Third, in the decision module, an overall path planning method is developed to realise feedback control of the paving thickness and evenness. Finally, in the act module, the paving thickness and evenness of the entire work unit are calculated and compared to their control thresholds to determine whether to proceed with the next OODA loop. The experiments show that the proposed method can maintain the paving thickness less than the designed standard value and effectively prevent the occurrence of ultra-thick or ultra-thin phenomena. Furthermore, the paving evenness is improved by 21.5% as compared to that obtained with the conventional paving quality control method. The framework of the paving quality assessment and feedback control proposed in this paper has extensive popularisation and application value for the same paving construction scene.

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“…Thus, it is of great significance to efficiently study cardiac alternans control on a high dimensional model with large sizes, and a cellular automata model (CAM) is a good choice to achieve this goal. As a powerful model, which has successful applications in biology, physics, and other engineering areas, a CAM uses simple rules to compute complex phenomena with fewer calculations, and the process can be easily visualized to provide an intuitive illustration of system dynamics [19] . Although CAMs are less accurate than detailed models and vivo animal hearts experiments, they can represent the main features and key dynamical behaviors of the cardiac tissue.…”

Section: ()mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics Study of Constant DI and Constant TR Control for Cardiac Alternans Based on a Two Dimensional Cellular Automata Model

Xiong

Sun

et al. 2021

Preprint

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As a precursor for cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial and ventricular fibrillations, which could cause sudden cardiac death (SCD), cardiac alternans is essentially an unstable heart rhythm with alternating long and short action potential durations (APD) of cardiac myocytes that usually occurs under fast pacing conditions. In this paper, the constant TR control method based on global pseudo-electrocardiogram (ECG) is studied and compared with the local constant diastolic interval (DI) control method using a 2-dimensional (2-D) cellular automata model (CAM), aiming at preventing or eliminating cardiac alternans before arrhythmias. The results show that both the constant TR and constant DI control methods are effective in stabling the alternans to a smaller basic cycle length (BCL). Also, the efficacy of the two control approaches depends on the “decrease step” Δ in the downsweep protocol, and a smaller Δ could significantly improve their performance. Besides, in general, constant TR control is superior to constant DI control in alternans prevention when a relatively large Δ is adopted.

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Analysing Emergent Dynamics of Evolving Computation in 2D Cellular Automata

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

An Air Route Network Planning Model of Logistics UAV Terminal Distribution in Urban Low Altitude Airspace

An Air Route Network Planning Model of Logistics UAV Terminal Distribution in Urban Low Altitude Airspace

Assessment and Feedback Control of Paving Quality of Earth-Rock Dam Based on OODA Loop

Dynamics Study of Constant DI and Constant TR Control for Cardiac Alternans Based on a Two Dimensional Cellular Automata Model

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