Analysis and Estimated Daily Intake of Toxic Metals in Cardisoma Armatum and Its Health Risk Index in Lagos, South West Nigeria.

Abstract

Background: Cardisoma Armatum has been one of the popular sources of protein among many people for this reason, we are motivated to identify and quantify the levels of Pb, Cr, Mn, Cd, Zn, Cu, As, and Ni from the edible tissues of Cardisoma Armatum. Objectives: This study aimed to quantify the level of metals in Cardisoma Armatum, estimate the daily intake of these metals then use that to determine the health risk index of the samples. Methodology: Samples were collected from a fresh water coastal area and the edible tissues were separated from the other parts; this was then digested for Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) for the analysis of the samples. Results: Mean concentration of lead (Pb) range is 0.013±0.01 -0.0015±0.10 mg/kg with mean of 4.73E-03 mg/kg. Chromium (Cr) range is 0.01±0.50 -BDL with mean of 5.54E-03 mg/kg Zinc (Zn) the value range is 5.13±0.10 -0.73±0.40 and its mean is 3.94E+00 mg/kg; Cadmium (Cd) has its value range of 0.0065±0.05 -0.0005±0.25 and the mean of 1.43E-03 mg/kg. Copper (Cu) has the range of 0.31±0.10 -0.028±0.04 and a mean of 1.82E-01 mg/kg; Nickel (Ni) has the range of 3.25±0.06 -BDL with a mean of 1.59E+00; Manganese (Mn) has the range of 1.54±0.03 -0.12±0.01 an mean of 9.55E-01 mg/kg the Arsenic (As) has the concentration of 0.0018±0.76 -BDL and a mean of 9.06E-04 mg/kg. These values were used to compute the Estimation of Daily Intake (EDI) per metals per sample. The Mean EDI for each metal is in the range of: (Pb) 8.99E-06 -1.08E-06; (Cr) 0.00 -1.80E-06; (Zn) 3.95E-03 -1.47E-03; (Cd) 4.77E-06 -3.59E-07; (Cu) 2.19E-04 -1.97E-05; (Ni) 0.00 -3.24E-05; (Mn) 9.82E-04 -8.63E-05; (As)0.00 -1.79E-07. Conclusion: Health risk index (HRI) was obtained; the metal levels in edible tissues of Cardisoma Armatum did not exceed the standard guideline values. Thus, the estimated hazard index (HI) suggests that these metals in the edible tissues of the Cardisoma Armatum were not toxic for consumers, where the HIs of all the considered metals were below the value of 1.