Analysis and numerical simulation of fractional order pine wilt disease model

Abstract

Human survival is purely based on the environment. Through natural calamities or man-made depredation, the pleasant existence is disturbed. Trees provide not just foliage for the environment but also a pleasant atmosphere for the human population. One of the most serious threats to the forest and ecology is the pine wilt disease (PWD). It is a devastating disease that kills pine trees in a matter of weeks. The pine-wood nematode Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus causes PWD. This study emphasises on the infectious model of PWD engaging the [Formula: see text]-homotopy analysis transform method ([Formula: see text]-HATM) to a leading fractional operator Caputo–Fabrizio fractional time derivative to arrive for superior understanding. The denouements are presented in the forms of plots and tables. At last the paper supports to examine the real-world models and helps to forecast their behavior that communicate the instructions considered in the models.

Characteristics and Conductivity of Emamectin Benzoate-Inclusive Nanocapsule in Pinus massoniana Lamb.

“…During the phytophagous stage, PWNs migrate to the xylem resin and ray tubes, where they feed on the thin-walled cells, resulting in pine tree wilting [2,3]. Consequently, it is a devastating disease that kills pine trees in a matter of weeks [4]. At present, PWD control measures mainly rely on quarantine, clearing of dead trees, forest renovation, and screening of naturally occurring nematocidal metabolites [5][6][7][8].…”