Analysis and optimisation of the hybrid renewable energy system

Palej, Patryk; Hassan, Qusay; Kleszcz, Sławosz; Hanus, Robert; Jaszczur, Marek

doi:10.33223/epj/109911

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Based on the presented analyzes, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. The lowest costs for connecting publicly available charging stations in 2019 for electric and hybrid vehicles in connection fees, which result from the tariffs for distribution services of the 5 largest Distribution Companies in Poland [14,15], occur on the distribution network of innogy Stoen Operator Limited Liability Partnership, located in the capital city of Warsaw. The area of Poland with the most expensive connection fee related to the charging station is the However, special attention should be paid to the fact that the Act prefers only connecting generally available charging stations directly to the distribution network of a Distribution System Operator.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Fees for Connecting the Infrastructure of Generally Accessible Charging Stations to Networks with Rated Voltage not Higher than 1 KV

Ślęzak

2021

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment

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On 22 February 2018, the Act on electromobility and alternative fuels came into force (Journal of Laws of 2018, item 317). This legal Act sets out the rules for the development and operation of infrastructure for the use of alternative fuels, which is closely related to the development of electromobility. The Act (2011/C81E/17) regulates and defines, among others obligations in the scope of technical requirements for the construction of a charging station and their minimum number in municipalities. This Act was introduced in order to develop electromobility, which in turn is to contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions [1]. The aim of the paper is to show the relationship between the geographical location of the connection of road charging infrastructure in our country, and the costs of its connection to the low voltage network, understood as the costs of the connection fee, which are paid to the Distribution System Operators. The costs of the connection fee in the case of power supply from low voltage lines cover the actual connection costs of generally available charging stations, i.e. the connection costs, i.e. the network section used to connect the devices or installations or the network of the entity with the connection capacity required by it, with the remaining part of the Distribution System Operators network. The Distribution System Operator also covers the costs of the measurement and settlement system. In addition, the paper indicates the preferential treatment of connecting charging stations, which are defined as reduced costs of connecting them in relation to other objects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Fees for Connecting the Infrastructure of Generally Accessible Charging Stations to Networks with Rated Voltage not Higher than 1 KV

Ślęzak

2021

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment

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“…A bottom-up initiative is unlikely to be a bottom-up initiative that would also cover the majority of of residents. In light of these conditions, optimization of the heat supply system in terms of costs and CO 2 emissions is impossible (Palej et al 2019). In the case of heat sources using gas as a fuel, it is also pointless to forecast accumulated costs over a period of 10-15 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gas fuel market in Poland and the costs of final heat generated in a local boiler house

Bartnicki¹,

Bogdan²

2020

Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal

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About 55% of over 14 million Polish households live in multi-family buildings. Cooperative or housing association buildings have a large share in this group. The heat is supplied from the district heating network or from local sources. With respect to facilities fed from gas boiler rooms, the signing and execution of fuel supply contracts is required. From October 1, 2017, the obligation to submit tariffs for gas trading set for all final customers (except for individual gas consumers in households) for approval to the President of the Energy Regulatory Office was lifted. Decisions regarding the choice of the supplier and the content of the concluded contract are made by the authorized bodies of the cooperative or housing association. The consequences of such decisions are borne by the owners and users of residential premises. Ensuring the continuity of a contract for the supply of gaseous fuel essentially comes down to establishing prices and rates in force for a given period. The right decision on the moment of signing the contract or the amendment, termination of the existing contract and signing a new one, or negotiation efficiency will result in financial profits for all users. The costs of heating and domestic hot water preparation are a significant component of the overall cost of the maintenance of flats in Poland. Therefore, it is even more important that the prices and rates agreed upon with the gas supplier are as favorable as possible to users. The high The authors of the article analyzed gas prices on the Polish market over the last 3 years and presented the results of simulations of the effects of specific prices and rates set in the contract for the supply of fuel at the cost of heating from the point of view of a single apartment. As these are not large amounts per year, they do not motivate to optimize the terms of the gas purchase contract in this respect. The dynamics of changes in gas prices in Poland, although slightly different from world trends, is high. This makes it difficult for those responsible to make the decisions, and for residential users, it often means spending differences in subsequent years. One of the consequences of setting prices and rates significantly higher than obtainable may also be the reluctance of local communities to take measures to increase the energy efficiency of the heat supply system. From the point of view of heating costs, such decisions may distort the economic effect of thermo-modernization.

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“…where: CPV is rated capacity of the PV array, η PV is the rate of derating factor [31], G T,t is the solar irradiance, α P is the PV module temperature coefficient of power, and T C,t is the temperature of the PV module. The battery power Pb,t depends on the battery state of charge and can be calculated from equations [32]: charging,…”

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simulation process carried out using MATLAB Simulink at 1-hour resolution and the results of PV system with a capacity 70 kWp can generate daily energy between (39.48-61.2 kWh) which is very promising value on the basis of an average of the available solar irradiance 4.3 kWh/m2/day) in the selected site. Palej et al [9], designed and optimized HRES with two optimization objectives (technical aspects and ecological aspects). The authors indexed that the optimum system capacity at ecological aspects is higher than capacity at economic aspects and the optimum system cost at ecological aspects is higher than economic aspects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-grid Photovoltaic Power System for Governmental Office Electrification

Hussain

Al-Sagar

Al-Tamimi

et al. 2021

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Solar energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources. The potential solar energy has a capacity to meet all energy requirements for human survival on planet earth. Some applications such as a thermoelectric generator, electric power generation with the assistance of solar panels and water applications are required to reduce the demand for electricity generated by conventional power plants. The current work evaluates the effectiveness of solar energy for supplying the police building located in Diyala, Iraq. The installed renewable power system consists of photovoltaic/ battery system set with grid connection installed on the roof of the building with a capacity of 5.52 kWp and battery unit (200 A, 48 Volt). Based on the daily average load kWh and daily average solar irradiance for the selected site (4.3 kWh/m2), the results of the energy generated by the system for two selected days showed that for a sunny day is about (11.63 kWh) and for party cloudy day is about (8.02 kWh). The average of energy fed to the grid for a sunny day was recorded more by more than 3.0 kWh and for party cloudy day by more than 4.0 kWh. The system installed at the first day of February of the year 2021. The obtained results encourage to install of photovoltaic systems in the selected site which can feed such facilities with renewable energy and deliver energy to the grid.

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Analysis and optimisation of the hybrid renewable energy system

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Analysis of Fees for Connecting the Infrastructure of Generally Accessible Charging Stations to Networks with Rated Voltage not Higher than 1 KV

Analysis of Fees for Connecting the Infrastructure of Generally Accessible Charging Stations to Networks with Rated Voltage not Higher than 1 KV

The gas fuel market in Poland and the costs of final heat generated in a local boiler house

On-grid Photovoltaic Power System for Governmental Office Electrification

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