Analysis and substantiation of trends in the development of electromembrane methods in the purification of industrial solutions

Abstract

The paper considers the trends in the development of technological design of electromembrane separation methods, a dynamically developing technology characterized by high efficiency, ease of operation and maintenance. To date, research on the technology of electromembrane separation is carried out both to optimize and improve the characteristics of standard elements, and to develop and implement new materials and processes. Four main vectors of development of electromembrane separation technologies have been identified. New approaches and techniques for the electromembrane separation of industrial solutions, including the widespread introduction of mathematical modeling to describe processes occurring in apparatuses, on anion-exchange or cation-exchange membranes, and changes in current density in the apparatus. The improvement or development of new electromembrane devices and devices, the result is an increase in the area of contact, which is proposed to be achieved either by changing the shape, number of membranes or their porosity and roughness. The development of new types of membranes and materials for their manufacture, which change the structure and physico-chemical properties of membranes, includes the introduction of various components into the composition of membranes (carbon quantum dots, metal oxide nanoparticles, etc.), physico-chemical effects on the membrane, changing it at the stage of formation. The integration of membrane separation and electrochemistry has led to the development of electrically conductive membranes, which include carbon nanomaterials with excellent electrical conductivity and stability. The purpose of research in this area is to reduce membrane contamination. Membranes with electrochemical action can decompose small organic pollutants in a timely manner, the mechanisms of action on which are absent with conventional membrane separation.