Analysis of 3′‐end variable region of the <i>cagA</i> gene in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> isolated from Iranian population

Shokrzadeh, Leila; Baghaei, Kaveh; Yamaoka, Yoshio; Dabiri, Hossein; Jafari, Fatemeh; Sahebekhtiari, Navid; Tahami, Ali; Sugimoto, Mitsushige; Zojaji, Homayoun; Zali, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.05979.x

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In contrast, Batista et al (2011) and Torres et al (2012) did not find any association between ulcers and the number of EPIYA-C repeats. Acosta et al (2010) and Shokrzadeh et al (2010) could not find differences between EPIYA patterns and clinical outcomes. The number of EPIYA-C with multiple repeats was observed less frequently in cases with gastritis (CG) and DU cases (PG).…”

Section: Epiya-c and -D Have A Role In The Interaction Betweenmentioning

confidence: 90%

Patterns of EPIYA motifs among cagA-positive Helicobacter pylori strains: a case–control study in a Turkish population with Eurasian geographical features

Kocazeybek

Caliskan

Cetin

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Geographical variation in the frequency of various gastroduodenal pathologies was shown to be related to the geographical diversity of H. pylori CagA Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) patterns. We examined the EPIYA patterns of H. pylori and the association of EPIYA patterns with gastric cancer (GC) for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in Turkey. The patient group (PG) contained 60 patients [38 GC and 22 duodenal ulcer (DU) patients]. The control group (CG) was 110 individuals [94 gastritis patients and 16 persons with a normal gastrointestinal system (NGIS)]. Specific primers were used for the detection of cagA including empty-site-positive and EPIYA-A, -B, -C, -D PCR. Bands of EPIYA-A, -B, -C were confirmed by DNA sequencing. One hundred and forty-two (83.5 %) strains [60 in the PG (38 GC, 22 DU), 82 in the CG (72 gastritis, 10 NGIS)] were positive for the cagA gene. EPIYA-C with multiple repeats was detected in 34 (23.9 %) strains, and 22 (64.7 %) were from GC patients. EPIYA-C with one repeat was detected in 89 (62.7 %) strains, and 54 (60.7 %) were from gastritis patients. EPIYT was detected in 10 strains, and EPIYA-D was not detected. The number of EPIYA-C with multiple repeats was significantly higher for the PG than for the CG (P,0.0001). In GC patients, the number of EPIYA-C with multiple repeats was significantly higher than one repeat (P,0.0001). In conclusion, our study showed that multiple EPIYA-C repeats increases the GC risk by 30.6-fold and the DU risk by 8.9-fold versus the CG. This indicates that Western-type H. pylori strains in Turkey have similar EPIYA motifs to those of neighbouring countries and Western populations. INTRODUCTIONHelicobacter pylori is the principal cause of gastritis and gastric or duodenal ulcer (DU) diseases and is involved in the development of gastric cancer (GC) and mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (Atherton, 2006).H. pylori is a class 1 carcinogen identified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer for chronic and persistent infections. It is resistant to antibacterial agents in spite of innate and adaptive immunity (International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1994). Depending on virulence factors such as cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), blood group antigen-binding adhesion (BabA2) and vacuolating cytotoxin gene A (VacA), different genotypes cause different pathological and clinical outcomes and geographical regional differences (Atherton et al., 1995;Basso et al., 2008). Recently, the Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA)Abbreviations: cagPAI, cag pathogenicity island; CG, control group; CI, confidence interval; DU, duodenal ulcer; EPIYA, Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala; CagA, cytotoxin-associated gene A; GC, gastric cancer; NGIS, normal gastrointestinal system; PG, patient group; OR, odds ratio. pattern of CagA was suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of GC, as this pattern manifests important variations depending on the region (Argent et al., 2004(Argent et al., , 2005.The CagA protein is injected into host epithelial cells with its peptidoglycan b...

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Section: Epiya-c and -D Have A Role In The Interaction Betweenmentioning

confidence: 90%

Patterns of EPIYA motifs among cagA-positive Helicobacter pylori strains: a case–control study in a Turkish population with Eurasian geographical features

Kocazeybek

Caliskan

Cetin

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Our results represented more conserved pathogenicity locus in severe gastritis patients, even among the strains with lower repeats of EPIYA motif. However, involvement of other H. pylori virulence factors or host factors also seems probable (25,(57)(58)(59)(60).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Cytotoxin Associated Gene A in Helicobacter pylori Strains and Its Association with Integrity of Cag-pathogenicity Island and Histopathological Changes of Gastric Tissue

Fazeli

Alebouyeh

Tavirani

et al. 2017

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Objectives: Existence of cytotoxin associated gene A (cagA) is considered as a marker for detection of an oncogenic Helicobacter pylori strain. Expression of cagA in the strains with incomplete delivery system (partial CagPAI) could convert them to less virulent strains.This study was aimed to analyze expression of cagA in H. pylori strains presenting diverse cagPAI and its effect on histopathological changes of the gastric tissue. Methods: Clinical strains of H. pylori and related histopathological data were obtained to examine the presence of 12 cagPAI segments by PCR. Expression of cagA was analyzed by RT-PCR as well as Immunoblotting on RNA and protein extracts of the cagPAIpositive strains, respectively. In situe expression of CagA-positive strains was determined in a gastric epithelial cell line. Results: Intact cagPAI was detected among 33% (4/12) of H. pylori strains. Out of 7 diverse cagPAI genotypes in these strains, expression of cagA was confirmed in 2 strains with complete cagPAI at both RNA and protein levels. Occurrence of intestinal metaplasia and severe active gastritis were mainly detected in the strains with complete cagPAI genotype. No association was detected between EPIYA types of the strains and expression of cagA. Conclusions: These results collectively showed high diversity of cagA and cagPAI among the H. pylori strains. These diversities may provide some reasons to explain distinct disease severity caused by different H. pylori strains in the gastric tissue.

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“…Regarding the previous studies performed on adults, controversial results have been obtained in Iran. While a great number of studies in Iran indicated no influence of cagA status or its 3' variable region on the progression of disease (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34), correlation between positive cagA status and severe clinical outcomes was reported in some other studies (35)(36)(37). Consistent with the cases of Iranian adult populations (27,28,(38)(39)(40)(41), vacA s1 was the most prevalent in the present investigation (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of vacA/cagA genotypes/status in Helicobacter pylori isolates from Iranian children and their association with clinical outcome

Falsafi¹,

Khani²,

Mahjoub³

et al. 2015

Turk J Med Sci

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Background/aim: More than 50% of Iranian children are infected with Helicobacter pylori; however, no data exist about the association of vacA/cagA genotype/status with disease outcomes in them. We analyzed association of vacA/cagA genotypes/status of children's isolates with gastric inflammation status as the first step in H. pylori pathogenesis. Materials and methods:Antral biopsies for culture and histopathology were taken from 328 children in 1997-2009. vacA (s, m) alleles and cagA statuses of the isolates were determined by PCR. Histopathology was performed according to the Sydney system; gastritis was scored as normal, mild, moderate, severe, and follicular.Results: A total of 159 culture-positive cases, with no mixed infections, were enrolled in the study. Of them, 60% were cagA-positive; 21.4%, 37.1%, 16.3%, and 25.2% cases were s1m1, s1m2, s2m1, and s2m2, respectively. Histopathology showed normal (4.4%), mildchronic (31.4%), moderate-chronic (38.4%), severe-chronic (10.7%), and follicular gastritis (15.1%) cases. Thirty-four (21.4%) of the children had ulcers. Correlation (P < 0.05) was observed between more severe (moderate, severe, follicular) status and both vacAs1 allele and cagA-positive status. No significant relation was observed between genotype/status of vacA/cagA and ulcers (P > 0.05). Conclusion: vacAs1and cagA are associated with more severe gastric inflammation in Iranian children. Association of vacAs1 and cagA with more severe pathology in Iran may be similar to that of other parts of the world.

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Analysis of 3′‐end variable region of the cagA gene in Helicobacter pylori isolated from Iranian population

Cited by 37 publications

References 41 publications

Patterns of EPIYA motifs among cagA-positive Helicobacter pylori strains: a case–control study in a Turkish population with Eurasian geographical features

Patterns of EPIYA motifs among cagA-positive Helicobacter pylori strains: a case–control study in a Turkish population with Eurasian geographical features

Functional Cytotoxin Associated Gene A in Helicobacter pylori Strains and Its Association with Integrity of Cag-pathogenicity Island and Histopathological Changes of Gastric Tissue

Analysis of vacA/cagA genotypes/status in Helicobacter pylori isolates from Iranian children and their association with clinical outcome

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