Analysis of Anopheles arabiensis Blood Feeding Behavior in Southern Zambia during the Two Years after Introduction of Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets

Fornadel, Christen; Norris, L. C.; Glass, Gregory E.; Norris, Douglas E.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0242

Cited by 115 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…This was probably due to their high abundance and exophilic tendencies compared to An. gambiae s.s, which are documented to be more endophilic in their feeding behavior [26,27]. This finding concurred with previous entomological survey that showed abundance of An.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Unraveling host-vector-arbovirus interactions by two-gene high resolution melting mosquito bloodmeal analysis in a Kenyan wildlife-livestock interface

Villinger¹

2016

2016 International Congress of Entomology

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The blood-feeding patterns of mosquitoes are directly linked to the spread of pathogens that they transmit. Efficient identification of arthropod vector bloodmeal hosts can identify the diversity of vertebrate species potentially involved in disease transmission cycles. While molecular bloodmeal analyses rely on sequencing of cytochrome b (cyt b) or cytochrome oxidase 1 gene PCR products, recently developed bloodmeal host identification based on high resolution melting (HRM) analyses of cyt b PCR products is more cost-effective. To resolve the diverse vertebrate hosts that mosquitoes may potentially feed on in sub-Saharan Africa, we utilized HRM profiles of both cyt b and 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Among 445 blood-fed Aedeomyia, Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Mansonia, and Mimomyia mosquitoes from Kenya's Lake Victoria and Lake Baringo regions where many mosquito-transmitted pathogens are endemic, we identified 33 bloodmeal hosts including humans, eight domestic animal species, six peridomestic animal species and 18 wildlife species. This resolution of vertebrate host species was only possible by comparing profiles of both cyt b and 16S markers, as melting profiles of some pairs of species were similar for either marker but not both. We identified mixed bloodmeals in a Culex pipiens from Mbita that had fed on a goat and a human and in two Mansonia africana mosquitoes from Baringo that each had fed on a rodent (Arvicanthis niloticus) in addition to a human or baboon. We further detected Sindbis and Bunyamwera viruses in blood-fed mosquito homogenates by Vero cell culture and RT-PCR in Culex, Aedeomyia, Anopheles and Mansonia mosquitoes from Baringo that had fed on humans and livestock. The observed mosquito feeding on both arbovirus amplifying hosts (including sheep and goats) and possible arbovirus reservoirs (birds, porcupine, baboons, rodents) informs arbovirus disease epidemiology and vector control strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Unraveling host-vector-arbovirus interactions by two-gene high resolution melting mosquito bloodmeal analysis in a Kenyan wildlife-livestock interface

Villinger¹

2016

2016 International Congress of Entomology

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“…Although An. arabiensis in Macha has been shown to be predominately exophagic, 30 CDC light traps were efficient at collecting the indoor host-seeking mosquitoes that are responsible for most bites after people have gone to bed. We acknowledge that HLCs remain the best sampling technique to glean information on the degree of exophagy in a population and vector biting times.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centers for Disease Control Light Traps for Monitoring Anopheles arabiensis Human Biting Rates in an Area with Low Vector Density and High Insecticide-Treated Bed Net Use

Fornadel

Norris

2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…31 The identification of the mammalian host was used to calculate the human blood index (HBI), the proportion of human blood meals relative to the total blood meals, for each vector species. For mixed blood meals, they were counted as a blood meal for each host animal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mammalian host was assessed for all anophelines due to the possibility that there may be mosquitoes that appear "unfed," but are actually fed as determined by molecular assays. 24,31,38 HBI was, therefore, calculated using PCR-confirmed blood meals.…”

Section: Seasonalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat Partitioning of Malaria Vectors in Nchelenge District, Zambia

Das

Muleba

Stevenson

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Nchelenge District in Luapula Province, northern Zambia, experiences holoendemic malaria despite implementation of vector control programs. The major Anopheles vectors that contribute to Plasmodium falciparum transmission in this area had not previously been well defined. Three collections performed during the 2012 wet and dry seasons and the 2013 wet season revealed Anopheles funestus sensu stricto and Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto as the main vectors, where 80-85% of each collection was composed of An. funestus. Both vectors were found to be highly anthropophilic, and An. funestus has higher sporozoite infection rates (SIRs) and entomological inoculation rates (EIRs) year-round compared with An. gambiae: SIRs of 1.8-3.0% and 0-2.5%, respectively, and EIRs of 3.7-41.5 infectious bites per 6-month period (ib/p/6mo) and 0-5.9 ib/p/6mo, respectively. Spatial and temporal changes in each vector's dynamics and bionomics were also observed. Anopheles funestus was the predominant vector in the villages near Kenani Stream in both wet and dry seasons, whereas An. gambiae was found to be the main vector in areas near Lake Mweru during the wet season. The vector data illustrate the need for broader temporal and spatial sampling in Nchelenge and present unique opportunities to further our understanding of malarial transmission and implications for malarial control in high-risk areas.

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Analysis of Anopheles arabiensis Blood Feeding Behavior in Southern Zambia during the Two Years after Introduction of Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets

Cited by 115 publications

References 40 publications

Unraveling host-vector-arbovirus interactions by two-gene high resolution melting mosquito bloodmeal analysis in a Kenyan wildlife-livestock interface

Unraveling host-vector-arbovirus interactions by two-gene high resolution melting mosquito bloodmeal analysis in a Kenyan wildlife-livestock interface

Centers for Disease Control Light Traps for Monitoring Anopheles arabiensis Human Biting Rates in an Area with Low Vector Density and High Insecticide-Treated Bed Net Use

Habitat Partitioning of Malaria Vectors in Nchelenge District, Zambia

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