Analysis of biologically active amines by CE

Abstract

This paper provides an overview on the current status of the analysis of biogenic amines by CE. The basic CE separation and detection strategies for the analysis of biogenic amines are briefly described. CZE and MEKC that provide highly efficient and reproducible analysis of biogenic amines are particularly surveyed. With respect to the detection of biogenic amines, we focus on LIF, UV-visible absorption, electrochemiluminescence, and MS. Derivatization strategies, indirect methods, and on-line concentration techniques such as field-amplified sample stacking, sweeping, and use of polymer solution are described. To show the practicality of CE, we highlight currently developed techniques for the determinations of biogenic amines in biological samples, including foods, beverages, cerebrospinal fluids, urine, and single cells.

Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis

“…In the last years, the increased number of novel CE methods proposed for the determination of biogenic amines in foods reflects the current interest in these compounds [4]. Recent developments for the analysis of biogenic amines in CE include novel derivatization procedures and concentration strategies prior to CE analysis.…”

“…For instance, the following reviews have appeared in the literature during the mentioned period dealing with the application of CE methods to the analysis of interesting compounds in food analysis, including amino acids [2], antibiotics [3], bioactive amines [4], phenolic compounds [5], flavonoids [6], natural antioxidants [7], carboxylic acids [8], pesticides [9][10][11], proteins [12,13], and pigments [14]. In addition, some other published reviews were focused on discussing the different applications of a particular CE technique, including food analysis.…”

Sensitive profiling of biogenic amines in urine using CE with transient isotachophoretic preconcentration

“…Biogenic amines play an important role in clinical diagnosis and a great deal of efforts has been made in developing CE procedures capable of reliable profiling of biologically active amines and tracing minute changes in their concentration levels in urine [5]. Most part of the current research is aimed to address the concentration sensitivity issue by adopting high-sensitive detectors, developing inline preconcentration techniques, or combining these approaches.…”

“…Otherwise, analyte derivatization becomes necessary but this would possibly be prone to contamination and losses uncertainties (as any chemical operation induced on a sample). Regarding the preconcentration of biogenic amines, many contributions were focused on the principles of stacking and inline SPE [5] but seemingly none of them has been progressed to the urine analysis. This constraint has an explanation in the high-salinty nature of urine matrix, an attribute that largely prevents electrostacking phenomenon and implies the problems of clogging, high backpressure, overloading the capacity, etc., when using inline SPE systems.…”

Novos dispositivos de microextração e pré-concentração para eletroforese capilar utilizando membranas microporosas ou processos eletroquímicos e sua potencialidade na análise de aminas e metais

“…A literatura também nos apresenta grande variedade de métodos de determinação de aminas utilizando técnicas envolvendo extrações com membranas entre fases gasosa-líquida, gasosa-gasosa ou líquida-líquida. Nas determinações de aminas por eletroforese capilar registradas na literatura recente [50], empregam-se, principalmente, detecção óptica [51][52][53][54][55][56], mas também CE-UV CE-MS [57], amperométrica [58] e condutométrica com [59] ou sem contato [60,61], esta última utilizada nesta tese.…”