Analysis of braking marks left by vehicles equipped with ABS with IR spectroscopy

Abstract

This paper presents the possible use for IR spectroscopy to reveal skid marks left by cars equipped with Anti-lock Braking System. Detailed analysis of literature showed that there is no method that can be used in order to investigate this kind of tire marks. Up till now only two techniques have been devised. The first one is Method of Image Refinement which consists of transforming the image from the scene of the accident using dedicated graphics software. Second method includes analysis of traces using a thermal imaging camera. This study presents an innovative approach to the problem. Numerous analyses using IR spectroscopy were conducted to check the suitability of this method. The research performed on a Thermo Scientific FTIR Nicolet iS50 Spectrophotometer with an ATR attachment. 40 samples from 10 different types of asphalt were prepared. Each sample was measured 3 times to create its spectrum. The results were analyzed thoroughly using the dedicated SpectraGryph software. Analysis show that the wavelength which makes the braking marks visible is found within the mid-infrared range. Finally, it was found wavelength in which skid marks should be visible. This range is located in the mid-infrared.

Driver’s distraction and its potential influence on the extension of reaction time

“…Erd et al [9] presented research on the braking of passenger cars in various road conditions. Similar studies were conducted by Gosławski and his team [12]. Rievaj et al [34] and Orynych et al [31] additionally considered the influence of vehicle tire pressure during emergency braking tests.…”

Analysis of braking marks left by vehicles equipped with ABS with IR spectroscopy – different types of asphalt

“…• Image Refinement Methods [20]; • Thermovision method [6]; All above methods were precisely described in first article, where we proposed completely new method that based on IR spectroscopy [4]. No new research results have been published since then.…”

“…84, No. 2, 2019 Analysis of braking traces on the road accident site using IR spectrophotometry [4]. Due to the promising results in preliminary studies we decided to check in detail the influence of various factors on the possibility of revealing breaking traces using IR spectroscopy.…”

Impact of specific factors on the state of the tire pressure value.

“…The tire pressure monitoring system relieves the driver, but it does not relieve the driver from responsibility for regular control of the tire pressure [2]. Tire pressure monitoring can be an important parameter for the following vehicle control systems: anti-lock braking systems (ABS), autonomous emergency braking (AEB), electronic stability control (ESC), adaptive cruise control (ACC), as well as collision warning or collision avoidance systems [5,9,12]. The dependence of the value of tire pressure and tire contact with the ground was shown in Figure 1.…”