Analysis of cannabinoids in conventional and alternative biological matrices by liquid chromatography: Applications and challenges

Nicolaou, Athina G.; Christodoulou, Marios C.; Stavrou, Ioannis J.; Kapnissi‐Christodoulou, Constantina P.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462277

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), cannabis is the most popular illicit drug of the century, being consumed in similar quantities as legal drugs such as tobacco, alcohol, and caffeine [1]. It is the most widespread illicit drug in the world [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The medicinal properties of this plant have been known for centuries [2], but recently there has been an increased interest in the therapeutic properties of its main active secondary metabolites [1]. Medicinal cannabis has been used in the treatment of chronic pain, cancer pain, depression, sleep disturbances and anxiety, and neurological disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been widely used in cases of neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis, as well as in cases of post-traumatic stress disorder, Tourette's syndrome, epilepsy, arthritis, and nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy, and as an appetite stimulator in HIV/AIDS patients. Cannabinoids have also gained interest in the dermatologic field [1,2]. This recent interest, however, has affected aspects such as public health and production, use, and sale of cannabis plants, which has led to legislation changes in several countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Cannabinoids in Biological Specimens: An Update

Antunes

Barroso

Gallardo

2023

IJERPH

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Cannabinoids are still the most consumed drugs of abuse worldwide. Despite being considered less harmful to human health, particularly if compared with opiates or cocaine, cannabis consumption has important medico-legal and public health consequences. For this reason, the development and optimization of sensitive analytical methods that allow the determination of these compounds in different biological specimens is important, involving relevant efforts from laboratories. This paper will discuss cannabis consumption; toxicokinetics, the most detected compounds in biological samples; and characteristics of the latter. In addition, a comprehensive review of extraction methods and analytical tools available for cannabinoid detection in selected biological specimens will be reviewed. Important issues such as pitfalls and cut-off values will be considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Cannabinoids in Biological Specimens: An Update

Antunes

Barroso

Gallardo

2023

IJERPH

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“…Cannabinoid analyses face several analytical challenges, one of which is the low ionization efficiency observed with 'soft' ionization techniques (e.g., electrospray, paper spray). 23 To illustrate this, PS-MS calibration curves obtained for methanolic THC and THC-COOH standards (2-500 ng mL −1 ) demonstrate poor analytical performance, including inferior LOD, LLOQ and precision metrics (Table S6 †). Poor performance was observed for both THC and THC-COOH with a LLOQ of 250 ng mL −1 for both compounds.…”

Section: Cannabinoid Standard Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A direct mass spectrometry method for cannabinoid quantitation in urine and oral fluid utilizing reactive paper spray ionization

Borden

Saatchi

Palaty

et al. 2022

Analyst

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“…They have been addressed as pseudo-persistent and environmentally emerging contaminants. The primary psychotropic cannabis compound, THC, and tracers for drug prevalence as human metabolic by-products are commonly analyzed in blood, serum, plasma, hair, and urine/oral fluids [47][48][49][50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Eight Cannabinoids and One Tracer in Wastewater and River Water by SPE-UPLC–ESI-MS/MS

Milan

Lelario

Scrano

et al. 2022

Water

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The consumption of illicit drugs represents a global social and economic problem. Using suitable analytical methods, monitoring, and detection of different illegal drugs residues and their metabolites in wastewater samples can help combat this problem. Our article defines a method to develop, validate, and practically applicate a rapid and robust analytical process for the evaluation of six naturally occurring cannabinoids (CBG, CBD, CBDV, CBN, THC, THCV), two cannabinoids in acidic form (CBDA, THCA-A), and the major cannabis-related human metabolite (THC-COOH). After SPE offline enrichment, we used a UPLC–ESI-MS/MS system, which permitted the determination of several by-products. Studied matrices were samples of different origins: (i) effluent water from a wastewater treatment plant in the Porto urban area; (ii) environmental water from Febros River, the last left-bank tributary of the Douro River. The multi-residue approach was substantiated and successfully employed to analyze the water samples collected in the above locations. The rapid and precise quantification of nine different cannabinoids in different water samples occurred within nine minutes at the ng L−1 level. The appearance of dozens of ng L−1 of some cannabis secondary metabolites, such as CBD, CBDA, CBN, THCA-A, indicates this plant species’ widespread usage among the general population in the considered area.

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Analysis of cannabinoids in conventional and alternative biological matrices by liquid chromatography: Applications and challenges

Cited by 16 publications

References 110 publications

Analysis of Cannabinoids in Biological Specimens: An Update

Analysis of Cannabinoids in Biological Specimens: An Update

A direct mass spectrometry method for cannabinoid quantitation in urine and oral fluid utilizing reactive paper spray ionization

Detection of Eight Cannabinoids and One Tracer in Wastewater and River Water by SPE-UPLC–ESI-MS/MS

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