“…1 Fruit quality has decreased due to respiration, evaporation, cell-wall degradation, and pathogen invasion during transportation and storage. 2,3 Moreover, fruit are susceptible to postharvest pathogens such as Penicillium expansum, 4 Botrytis cinerea, 4,5 Alternaria alternata, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, 2 and the pathogens can produce toxins that are harmful to humans, animals, and plants. 4,5 Apple fruit are rich in carbohydrates that contain fructose, glucose, sucrose, starch, pectin, and cellulose.…”