Analysis of Critical Infrastructure Dependencies and Interdependencies

Petit, Frédéric; Verner, Duane; Brannegan, David; Buehring, W.A.; Dickinson, D. W.; Guziel, K.A.; Haffenden, R.A.; Phillips, Julia; Peerenboom, J.P.

doi:10.2172/1184636

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…In particular, the interactions among environmental variables constitute the mechanism triggering potential cascading, synergic or antagonistic effects of different natural hazards Malamud, 2016, 2014;Kumasaki et al, 2016;Xu et al, 2014). In addition, socio-economic activities can be exposed to multiple climate hazards or generate cascading effects on others anthropogenic processes due to their characteristics of high interdependent vulnerability (Gill and Malamud, 2017;Zio, 2016;Petit et al, 2015;Rinaldi et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-risk assessment in mountain regions: A review of modelling approaches for climate change adaptation

Terzi

Torresan

Schneiderbauer

et al. 2019

Journal of Environmental Management

154

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Climate change has already led to a wide range of impacts on our society, the economy and the environment. According to future scenarios, mountain regions are highly vulnerable to climate impacts, including changes in the water cycle (e.g. rainfall extremes, melting of glaciers, river runoff), loss of biodiversity and ecosystems services, damages to local economy (drinking water supply, hydropower generation, agricultural suitability) and human safety (risks of natural hazards). This is due to their exposure to recent climate warming (e.g. temperature regime changes, thawing of permafrost) and the high degree of specialization of both natural and human systems (e.g. mountain species, valley population density, tourism-based economy). These characteristics call for the application of risk assessment methodologies able to describe the complex interactions among multiple hazards, biophysical and socioeconomic systems, towards climate change adaptation. Current approaches used to assess climate change risks often address individual risks separately and do not fulfil a comprehensive representation of cumulative effects associated to different hazards (i.e. compound events). Moreover, pioneering multi-layer single risk assessment (i.e. overlapping of single-risk assessments addressing different hazards) is still widely used, causing misleading evaluations of multi-risk processes. This raises key questions about the distinctive features of multi-risk assessments and the available tools and methods to address them. Here we present a review of five cutting-edge modelling approaches (Bayesian networks, agent-based models, system dynamic models, event and fault trees, and hybrid models), exploring their potential applications for multi-risk assessment and climate change adaptation in mountain regions. The comparative analysis sheds light on advantages and limitations of each approach, providing a roadmap for methodological and technical implementation of multi-risk assessment according to distinguished criteria (e.g. spatial and temporal dynamics, uncertainty management, cross-sectoral assessment, adaptation measures integration, data required and level of complexity). The results show limited applications of the selected methodologies in addressing the climate and risks challenge in mountain environments. In particular, system dynamic and hybrid models demonstrate higher potential for further applications to represent climate change effects on multi-risk processes for an effective implementation of climate adaptation strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-risk assessment in mountain regions: A review of modelling approaches for climate change adaptation

Terzi

Torresan

Schneiderbauer

et al. 2019

Journal of Environmental Management

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The intrinsic nature of a "system" lies in the systemic interdependency, i.e. "a bidirectional relationship between two assets in which the operations of both assets affect each other" (Petit et al, 2015). Since an interdependency is effectively a combination of two dependencies, this constitutes a risk multiplier (Zio, 2016).…”

Section: Cascading Effects In Cis and Urban Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect flood impacts and cascade risk across interdependent linear infrastructures

Arrighi¹,

Pregnolato²,

Castelli³

2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Floods are the most frequent and damaging natural threat worldwide. Whereas the assessment of direct impacts is well advanced, the evaluation of indirect impacts is less frequently achieved. Indirect impacts are not due to the physical contact with flood water but result from the reduced performance of infrastructures. Linear critical infrastructures (such as roads and pipes) have an interconnected nature that may lead to failure propagation, so that impacts extend far beyond the inundated areas and/or period. This work presents the risk analysis of two linear infrastructure systems, i.e. the water distribution system (WSS) and the road network system. The evaluation of indirect flood impacts on the two networks is carried out for four flooding scenarios, obtained by a coupled 1D-quasi 2D hydraulic model. Two methods are used for assessing the impacts on the water distribution system and on the road network, a Pressure-Driven Demand network model and a transport network disruption model respectively. The analysis is focused on the identification of: (i) common impact metrics; (ii) vulnerable elements exposed to the flood; (iii) similarities and differences of the methodological aspects for the two networks; (iv) risks due to systemic interdependency. The study presents an application to the metropolitan area of Florence (Italy). When interdependencies are accounted for, results showed that the risk to the WSS in terms of Population Equivalent (PE/year) can be reduced by 71.5 % and 41.8 %, if timely repairs to the WSS stations are accomplished by 60 and 120 minutes respectively; the risk to WSS in terms of pipes length (km/year) reduces by 53.1 % and 15.6 %. The study highlights that resilience is enhanced by system risk-informed planning, which ensures timely interventions on critical infrastructures; however, temporal and spatial scales are difficult to define for indirect impacts and cascade effects. Perspective research could further improve this work by applying a system-risk analysis to multiple urban infrastructures.

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“…For example, the water treatment plant requires communications for its supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, and, in turn, provides water used by the communications system to cool its equipment. An interdependency is effectively a combination of two dependencies—therefore, understanding an interdependency requires analyses of the one-way dependencies that comprise it (Petit et al, 2015).…”

Section: Considering Dependencies and Interdependencies In Cyberbiosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Internal dependencies involve interactions among internal operations, functions, and missions of the system. Downstream dependencies speak to the consumers or recipients who rely on the system's output and are affected by service disruptions or resource degradation (Petit et al, 2015).…”

Section: Considering Dependencies and Interdependencies In Cyberbiosementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Cyberbiosecurity Vulnerabilities and Infrastructure Resilience

Schabacker

Levy

Evans

et al. 2019

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The convergence of advances in biotechnology with laboratory automation, access to data, and computational biology has democratized biotechnology and accelerated the development of new therapeutics. However, increased access to biotechnology in the digital age has also introduced additional security concerns and ultimately, spawned the new discipline of cyberbiosecurity, which encompasses cybersecurity, cyber-physical security, and biosecurity considerations. With the emergence of this new discipline comes the need for a logical, repeatable, and shared approach for evaluating facility and system vulnerabilities to cyberbiosecurity threats. In this paper, we outline the foundation of an assessment framework for cyberbiosecurity, accounting for both security and resilience factors in the physical and cyber domains. This is a unique problem set, but despite the complexity of the cyberbiosecurity field in terms of operations and governance, previous experience developing and implementing physical and cyber assessments applicable to a wide spectrum of critical infrastructure sectors provides a validated point of departure for a cyberbiosecurity assessment framework. This approach proposes to integrate existing capabilities and proven methodologies from the infrastructure assessment realm (e.g., decision science, physical security, infrastructure resilience, cybersecurity) with new expertise and requirements in the cyberbiosecurity space (e.g., biotechnology, biomanufacturing, genomics) in order to forge a flexible and defensible approach to identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities. Determining where vulnerabilities reside within cyberbiosecurity business processes can help public and private sector partners create an assessment framework to identify mitigation options for consideration that are both economically and practically viable and ultimately, allow them to manage risk more effectively.

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Analysis of Critical Infrastructure Dependencies and Interdependencies

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Multi-risk assessment in mountain regions: A review of modelling approaches for climate change adaptation

Multi-risk assessment in mountain regions: A review of modelling approaches for climate change adaptation

Indirect flood impacts and cascade risk across interdependent linear infrastructures

Assessing Cyberbiosecurity Vulnerabilities and Infrastructure Resilience

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