Analysis of Deformation Behavior and Microstructure Changes for α/β Titanium Alloy at Elevated Temperature

Abstract

In this paper, the isothermal compressive behavior of Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si titanium alloy was investigated on a Gleeble-3500 simulator in the temperature range from 1073 to 1373 K at an interval of 50 K (while the phase transus temperature is approximately 1273 K) and the strain rate range of 0.001–10 s-1. Microstructure evolution and deformation behavior were investigated. The typical flow softening behavior during deformation is observed, which can be explained by the deformation heating effect and microstructure changes. The deformation heating effect is influenced by strain rate and deformation temperature, and it increases with the increasing strain rate and decreasing deformation temperature. In the α + β phase field, the fractions of the primary α phase decrease with the increase of deformation temperature and strain rate. In this case, dynamic recovery may be the main mechanism for microstructure evolution based on the electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The fully phase transformation occurs above the β transus temperature, which is governed by Burgers orientation relations. The Zener–Hollomon parameter with an exponent-type equation was used to intuitively describe the effects of the deformation temperatures and strain rates on the flow stress behaviors. Furthermore, the influence of strain was incorporated in the constitutive analysis. A fourth-order polynomial was ideally matched to represent the influence of strain. In consequence, the constitutive equation of Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si titanium alloy including the phase transus and compensation of the strain was developed based on the experimental results throughout the deformation process. The results indicated that the correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), and the average absolute relative error (AARE) were calculated to be 0.987, 3.585 MPa, and 9.62% in the single-phase region and 0.979, 18.78 MPa, and 9.16% in the duplex-phase region, respectively. Hence, the constitutive model proposed in this research can provide accurate and precise theoretical prediction for the flow stress behavior of Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si titanium alloy.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TC4 Titanium Alloy at the Temperature of 77K

“…At present, it has been applied to a spacecraft cryogenic pipeline. At the same time, Du Yu, Zhang Zhong, Fan Chengliang and others found that the occurrence of twinning behavior is the main deformation mechanism in low-temperature environments [15][16][17][18][19].…”