Analysis of Epidemics

Plank, J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-395678-1.50013-8

Cited by 72 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Equations describing the temporal development of an epidemic within a single field were given by Vanderplank (174,175). In the case of CTV infection, trees infected early in the epidemic become sources of inoculum for later infections and the increase of disease incidence behaves as a "compound interest disease".…”

Section: The Temporal Spreadmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Continuous Challenge of Citrus Tristeza Virus Control

Bar‐Joseph¹,

Marcus²,

Lee³

1989

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

336

161

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INTRODUCTIONCitrus tristeza virus (CTV) (132), an aphid-borne closterovirus (10), has ranked as one of the most important citrus diseases for the last sixty years.CTV epidemics have caused the severe decline or death of millions of trees in many areas where the sour orange (Citrus aurantium) was used as a rootstock.In other areas, the productivity of grapefruit and certain sweet orange varieties was considerably affected by CTV strains causing stem pitting decline.Unlike certain other disease agents, e.g. Spiroplasma citri (180) and Phoma tracheiphilla (93), which became associated with citrus during the acclimatization of this crop in the Near East, CTV was probably present from antiquity in citrus cultivated in China and Japan. However, CTV was not transported with its hosts, mainly because early acclimatization of citrus was from seed sources and CTV is not seed-transmitted (106). In retrospect, the tristeza disease in most citrus growing areas was a man-made problem created by the desire of horticulturists to introduce varieties from other citrus growing areas. 291 0066-4286/89/0901-0291$02.00 Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 1989.27:291-316. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by Emory University on 08/06/15. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 1989.27:291-316. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by Emory University on 08/06/15. For personal use only. CITRUS TRlSTEZA VIRUS CONTROL 293 quick decline obtained by grafting (61). Comparative transmission tests sug gested that the incompatibility problems in South Africa and Australia, the root problem in Brazil, and the quick decline in California were all man ifestations of the same disease (81). Other syndromes associated with CTV infection have been described, of which the most important is probably stem pitting (sp) decline (46,110,114,115,120,152,154,184) and seedling yellows (34, 63,107,141,180). Synonyms of CTV include Hassaku dwarf (164) and Natsudaidai dwarf (121). THE HOST RANGE OF CTVCTV infects most citrus species, varieties, hybrids and some citrus relatives such as Aeglopsis chevalieri Swing., Afraegle paniculata (Schum.) Engl., and Pamburus missiones (Wt.) Swing. (180). The only known hosts outside the Rutaceae are certain species of Passiflora (118, 145). Attempts to transmit CTV to non-Rutaceae species, either by aphids (145) and/or by mechanical inoculation (119), were unsuccessful. The reaction of different citrus species, hybrids, and citrus relatives to CTV infection varies considerably. Some plants, such as Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raj., some hybrids between P. trifo tiata and sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.) or grapefruits (c. paradisi), Severinia buxifolia, and Swinglea glutinosa (68), arc resistant to CTV and usually do not support detectable multiplication of the virus. Occasionally P. trifoliata or its hybrids were found to show CTV symptoms (35), although the virus was not verified as the causal agent in all trifoliate infection. In other...

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Section: The Temporal Spreadmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Continuous Challenge of Citrus Tristeza Virus Control

Bar‐Joseph¹,

Marcus²,

Lee³

1989

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

336

161

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These results presumably were caused by a larger proportion of spores being retained within larger plots. However, on a regional scale van der Plank (1948, 1949, 1960) argued that, given constant total area of a crop within a region, large fields would be advantageous since they would impede spread among fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of plot geometry on epidemic velocity of wheat yellow rust

Sackett

Mundt

2009

Plant Pathology

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The size and shape of field plots can impact on both the cost and outcome of epidemiological experiments. In previous studies, epidemic velocity of yellow rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici ) on wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) has been examined in long, narrow plots (6·1 m by 73-171 m). The present study compares spread in square, 61 × 61 m plots versus narrow, 6·1 × 61 m plots at two locations. The objective was to test whether plot shape has a substantial impact on spatiotemporal spread of yellow rust. Velocity increased curvilinearly with time for both plot shapes and at both locations. Curves of epidemic velocity versus time were nearly identical in square versus narrow plots in both the upwind and downwind directions. Contrary to expectation based on simulations, the results did not indicate faster disease spread in square plots, though the plot sizes studied may be beyond that at which there is a rapid change of disease increase with increasing plot area. Velocity also increased curvilinearly in all eight compass directions of the square plots. Results indicate that narrow plots, which are substantially less costly than equidimensional plots, may be justified for studying the spatiotemporal spread of wheat yellow rust and other diseases with similar epidemiological characteristics.

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“…By contrast, species that shed their seed close to the parent plant expand as a slowly advancing front. Numerous other researchers have suggested that patterns of biological invasion are a function of species dispersal curves (van der Plank 1960, Harper 1977, Shaw 1995. However, we are not aware of any empirical studies that have specifically linked the process of dispersal to the resulting spatial pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractal analysis of seed dispersal and spatial pattern in wild oats

2002

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This study investigates the relationship between seed dispersal and spatial pattern in a population of wild oats (Avena fatua L.), a common annual weed of arable fields in western Canada. Fractal analysis revealed that wild oats has an aggregated spatial pattern with statistically self-similar properties. Wild oats seed dispersal was successfully modelled using the fractal inverse power law. The estimated fractal dimension of the seed dispersal curve (D = 1.912) is strikingly similar to that of the populations spatial pattern (D = 1.881), indicating that the observed spatial pattern is characteristic of the dispersal distribution. This result suggests that the dispersal curve of a given weed species may be used to successfully predict its pattern of invasion.

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Analysis of Epidemics

Cited by 72 publications

References 21 publications

The Continuous Challenge of Citrus Tristeza Virus Control

The Continuous Challenge of Citrus Tristeza Virus Control

Effect of plot geometry on epidemic velocity of wheat yellow rust

Fractal analysis of seed dispersal and spatial pattern in wild oats

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