Analysis of Essential Oils Components from Aromatic Plants Using Headspace Repellent Method against Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

Abstract

This research serves as the basis for developing essential oil-based repellent activity tests against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The method used for the isolation of essential oils was the steam distillation method. Virus-free Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were used as test animals by applying the 10% essential oil repellent on the arms of volunteers. The analysis of the essential oils activities and aromas’ components was carried out using headspace repellent and GC-MS methods. Based on the results, the yields of essential oil from 5000 g samples for cinnamon bark, clove flowers, patchouli, nutmeg seed, lemongrass, citronella grass, and turmeric rhizome were 1.9%, 16%, 2.2%, 16.8%, 0.9%, 1.4%, and 6.8%, respectively. The activity test showed that the average repellent power of 10% essential oils, patchouli, cinnamon, nutmeg, turmeric, clove flowers, citronella grass, and lemongrass, was 95.2%, 83.8%, 71.4%, 94.7%, 71.4%, 80.4%, and 85%, respectively. Patchouli and cinnamon had the best average repellent power. Meanwhile, the aroma activities showed that the average repellent power of the patchouli oil was 96%, and the cinnamon oil was 94%. From the GC-MS analysis, nine components were identified in the patchouli essential oil aromas’ with the highest concentration being patchouli alcohol (42.7%), Azulene, 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl)-, [1S-(1α,7α,8aβ)] (10.8%), α-guaiene (9.22%), and seychellene (8.19%)., whereas using the GC-MS headspace repellent method showed that there were seven components identified in the patchouli essential oil aroma with a high concentration of the components, which were patchouli alcohol (52.5%), Seychellene (5.2%), and α-guaiene (5.2%). The analysis results of cinnamon essential oil using the GC-MS method showed that there were five components identified in the aroma, with E-cinnamaldehyde (73%) being the highest component, whereas using the GC-MS headspace repellent method showed that there were five components identified in the aroma, with highest concentrations of cinnamaldehyde (86.1%). It can be concluded that the chemical compounds contained in patchouli and cinnamon bark have the potential to be environmentally friendly repellents in controlling and preventing Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Toxicity of plants as insecticides against human pathogenic mosquito vectors of Saudi Arabian strains—A review

“…Root extracted oils from Hedychium stenopetalum, Hedychium villosum (Huong et al 2022). Bark extracted essential oil from cinnamon (Mustapa et al 2023), Cinnamomum verum (Moungthipmalai et al 2023). Number of research author's reports implies the remarkable biological activity of essential oil (Al-Keridis 2017;Vasantha-Srinivasan et al 2018;De Souza et al 2019;Thanigaivel et al 2019;Yaméogo et al 2021).…”

A Review of Certain Plants (Aromatic Plants) on the Control of Mosquito

“…Additionally, citronella may disrupt mosquito behavior, inhibiting their ability to locate and feed on blood. [4] Citronella-based repellents are available in various formulations, including sprays, lotions, candles, and diffusers. These products are commonly used for personal protection against mosquitoes during outdoor activities such as camping, hiking, and gardening.…”