Analysis of forchlorfenuron and thidiazuron in fruits and vegetables by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy after selective solid‐phase extraction with modified β‐cyclodextrin

Abstract

β-Cyclodextrin and its derivatives can selectively bind to various organic molecules in its cavity and provide good applications in sample preparation. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a sensitive technique and has received increasing attention in the last decade. Herein, 3,5-dimethyl phenyl carbamoylated β-cyclodextrin bonded silica gel was used as a ssorbent in solid-phase extraction to selectively enrich forchlorfenuron and thidiazuron followed by determination with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. It showed excellent selectivity for forchlorfenuron and thidiazuron and the adsorption capacities were 40.0 and 30.0 μg/g, respectively. A rapid and sensitive method based on the modified β-cyclodextrin solid-phase extraction coupled with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was developed. The linear ranges were 30.0-300.0 μg/L for forchlorfenuron and thidiazuron at 1005 and 640 cm(-1) , respectively. Both of the limits of detection were 15.0 μg/L, which were significantly lower than the maximum permitted by the National Standard. The recoveries of forchlorfenuron and thidiazuron were 78.9-87.9% for the spiked grape, kiwi, cucumber and tomato, with relative standard deviations of 8.1-13.2%. The results show that this method is sensitive, selective, and relatively time saving, and has great potential in the analysis of trace amounts of plant growth regulators in fruits and vegetables.

A Sensitive Monoclonal-Antibody-Based ELISA for Forchlorfenuron Residue Analysis in Food Samples

“…Forchlorfenuron (CPPU) is a widely used plant growth regulator that can boost the yields of vegetable and fruit crops [ 1 , 2 ]. Several studies have reported that excessive intake of CPPU can potentially damage human health [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Zhu et al [ 6 ] found that CPPU exposure can stimulate estradiol secretion, resulting in an earlier time of vaginal opening and first estrus time in prepubertal female rats.…”

“…Many techniques have been developed for the purpose of analyzing CPPU residue levels in food samples, such as Raman spectroscopy [ 3 , 13 ] and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [ 4 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Most of these techniques can achieve the sensitive and accurate quantification of CPPU; however, they are quite time-consuming and require expensive instruments operated by professional personnel.…”

A Review of Chinese Raman Spectroscopy Research Over the Past Twenty Years

“…Both of the LODs were 15.0 µg/L. 52 Using dummy-template-imprinted solid-phase extraction coupling with SERS, the molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) were selectively enriched as adsorbents in solid-phase extraction for ractopamine. Rapid analysis of ractopamine and isoxsuprine in porcine tissues showed a linear range of 20.0∼200.0 µg/L at 842 cm −1 and 993 cm −1 , respectively; the LODs were 3.1∼4.3 µg/L.…”

Rapid determination of trace semicarbazide in flour products by high‐performance liquid chromatography based on a nucleophilic substitution reaction

“…Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy technique has also been employed for rapid and on‐site determination of SEM in flour samples. However, the sensitivity, selectivity, and enhanced reproducibility of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy method is low, needing further improvement . ELISA is a sensitive method for the analysis of SEM and has been introduced for determination of trace SEM in meat samples .…”