Analysis of GNSS Correction Data Standards for the Automotive Market

We introduce a new information and communication technology (ICT) cloud-based architecture for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) high-accuracy solutions, offering also a commercial overview of GNSS downstream market to show how the developed innovation is thought to fit in the real context. The designed architecture is featured by dynamic scalability, increased integrity, and greater agility of the ICT system. The novelty of the solution developed is a customized ICT architecture, obtained through unique and privileged access to user communities in the frame of the H2020 project TREASURE, allowing the development of a solution entirely driven by user needs. The economic outlook of GNSS downstream markets evolution highlights how the technology proposed effectively matches the evolving business environment, specifically in regard to the increasing need for flexibility and competitive advantage deriving from services. The simultaneous adoption of the technical and commercial perspective is meant to offer interesting findings to both the scientific community and GNSS industry, creating synergies previously unexplored.

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“…Hence, a new GNSS data format is needed to transmit processed data to high-accuracy users. In this regard, a new standard is proposed in [15].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

User-Oriented ICT Cloud Architecture for High-Accuracy GNSS-Based Services

Ghobadi

Testa

Spogli

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…Safe position augmentation for real‐time navigation (SPARTN) is an industry‐driven open format that has been designed for wide and global area broadcasts. Its requirements for modern positioning systems include a combination of low bandwidth, accuracy, availability, reliability, and integrity for the safety of life applications (SAPCORDA, 2020; Vana et al., 2019).…”

Section: Open Ppp/ppp‐rtk Formatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PPP/PPP‐RTK open formats: Overview, comparison, and proposal for an interoperable message

2021

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This paper presents and reviews the main existing open specifications for PPP/PPP‐RTK services, including satellite navigation providers (QZSS, Galileo, BeiDou, GLONASS) and other industrial or scientific initiatives (RTCM, SAPCORDA, 3GPP, IGS). To structure the comparison, we adapted PPP/PPP‐RTK services to the well‐known OSI model and defined them according to their properties in the OSI communication layers. We show how the proposed formats relate to the current standards, mainly RTCM SSR and CSSR, and what their differences and similarities are in terms of transmitted corrections and bandwidth. We compare the efficiency of the existing formats in two scenarios: a global PPP scenario with multi‐GNSS corrections, and a regional PPP‐RTK scenario, also multi‐GNSS and including ionospheric corrections. We propose an interoperable format that can be an extension to CSSR and allows efficient transmission of corrections for both global‐scale MEO‐based PPP as well as nationwide IGSO/GEO‐based PPP‐RTK.

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“…Calculating corrections and performing fault detection requires ground monitoring networks. Several players are now deploying large-scale correction services targeted at automotive applications in North America and Europe including Hexagon [25], Sapcorda [26], Swift Navigation [27], Trimble [28], in China with players like Qianxun [29], and in Japan with the state-sponsored QZSS service for automated driving [30]. These networks often deploy PPP-RTK style approaches that additionally include specialized integrity monitoring solutions [27], [31].…”

Section: Ground-based Gnss Monitoring Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Corrections data have to be delivered to receivers in an understandable format. Demand from the automotive and cellular industries is leading to interoperability between networks and devices [26], [32], driving standardization of corrections data. Most relevant to the automotive community, The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is integrating GNSS corrections data directly into the control plane of the 5G cellular data network [33].…”

Section: E Gnss Corrections Data Standardizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in Modern GNSS and Its Impact on Autonomous Vehicle Architectures

Joubert¹,

Reid²,

Noble³

2020

Preprint

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This paper surveys a number of recent developments in modern Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and investigates the possible impact on autonomous driving architectures. Modern GNSS now consist of four independent global satellite constellations delivering modernized signals at multiple civil frequencies. New ground monitoring infrastructure, mathematical models, and internet services correct for errors in the GNSS signals at continent scale. Mass-market automotive-grade receiver chipsets are available at low Cost, Size, Weight, and Power (CSWaP). The result is that GNSS in 2020 delivers better than lane-level accurate localization with 99.99999% integrity guarantees at over 95% availability. In autonomous driving, SAE Level 2 partially autonomous vehicles are now available to consumers, capable of autonomously following lanes and performing basic maneuvers under human supervision. Furthermore, the first pilot programs of SAE Level 4 driverless vehicles are being demonstrated on public roads.However, autonomous driving is not a solved problem. GNSS can help. Specifically, incorporating high-integrity GNSS lane determination into vision-based architectures can unlock lanelevel maneuvers and provide oversight to guarantee safety. Incorporating precision GNSS into LiDAR-based systems can unlock robustness and additional fallbacks for safety and utility. Lastly, GNSS provides interoperability through consistent timing and reference frames for future V2X scenarios.

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Analysis of GNSS Correction Data Standards for the Automotive Market

Cited by 7 publications

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User-Oriented ICT Cloud Architecture for High-Accuracy GNSS-Based Services

User-Oriented ICT Cloud Architecture for High-Accuracy GNSS-Based Services

PPP/PPP‐RTK open formats: Overview, comparison, and proposal for an interoperable message

Developments in Modern GNSS and Its Impact on Autonomous Vehicle Architectures

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