Analysis of gut microbiome, nutrition and immune status in autism spectrum disorder: a case-control study in Ecuador

Zurita, María Fernanda; Cárdenas, Paúl; Sandoval, María Elena; Peña, María Caridad; Fornasini, Marco; Flores, Nancy; Monaco, Marcia H.; Berding, Kirsten; Donovan, Sharon M.; Kuntz, Thomas; Gilbert, Jack A.; Baldeón, Manuel E.

doi:10.1080/19490976.2019.1662260

Cited by 55 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…ASD is a neurological and developmental disorder of uncertain etiopathogenesis. Recent research suggests that the gut microbiome [9][10][11][12][13], and to lesser extent, the oral microbiome [22][23][24] may play a role. As far as the latter is concerned, studies have been limited to the use of saliva which is site nonspecific, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tongue microbiome in children with autism spectrum disorder

Halboub

Homeida

Basode

et al. 2021

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Background:A few recent studies have characterized the salivary microbiome in association with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Here, we sought to assess if there is an association between the tongue microbiome and ASD. Methods: Tongue scrapping samples were obtained from 25 children with ASD and 38 neurotypical controls. The samples were sequenced for the 16S rRNA gene (V1-V3) and the resultant high-quality reads were assigned to the species-level using our previously described BLASTn-based algorithm. Downstream analyses of microbial profiles were conducted using QIIME, LEfSe, and R. Results: Independent of grouping, Prevotella, Streptococcus, Leptotrichia, Veillonella, Haemophilus and Rothia accounted for > 60% of the average microbiome. Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Rothia mucilaginosa, Prevotella melaninogenica and Neisseria flavescens/subflava were the most abundant species. Species richness and diversity did not significantly differ between the study groups. Thirteen species and three genera were differentially abundant between the two groups, e.g. enrichment of Actinomyces odontolyticus and Actinomyces lingnae and depletion of Campylobacter concisus and Streptococcus vestibularis in the ASD group. However, none of them withstood adjustment for multiple comparisons. Conclusion:The tongue microbiome of children with ASD was not significantly different from that of healthy control children, which is largely consistent with results from the literature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have linked the gut microbiome to ASD [9][10][11][12][13] substantiating evidence for the so-called brain-gut-microbiome axis [14,15]. The latter refers, to the interactions between the central nervous system and gastrointestinal system, including its resident microbial community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Tongue microbiome in children with autism spectrum disorder

Halboub

Homeida

Basode

et al. 2021

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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“…A comprehensive literature search has implicated that many factors contribute to the development of ASD, including nutrition factors, immune factors genetic factors, environmental factors, and even family culture-influenced factors (Kreiser and White 2014;Sealey et al 2016;Zurita et al 2020). Gut microbiota, as an environmental factor, is a diverse, host-specific, and symbiotic bacterial environment for mammalian survival and exerts a surprising yet powerful influence on the brain and behavior, which have been studied by many researchers to the etiology of autism (Fattorusso et al 2019;Ristori et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota on gender bias in autism spectrum disorder

Xia

Pan

Gao

et al. 2020

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Its three core symptoms are social communication disorder, communication disorder, narrow interest and stereotyped repetitive behavior. The proportion of male and female autistic patients is 4:1. Many researchers have studied this phenomenon, but the mechanism is still unclear. This review mainly discusses the related mechanism from the perspective of gut microbiota and introduces the influence of gut microbiota on the difference of ASD between men and women, as well as how gut microbiota may affect the gender dimorphism of ASD through metabolite of microbiota, immunity, and genetics, which provide some useful information for those who are interested in this research and find more gender-specific treatment for autistic men and women.

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“…Geographic location is known to affect microbiome profiles, and diet is thought to be the major driver behind those differences. While the initial studies that sought to evaluate the microbiota in ASD were mainly conducted in the USA, recent publications are now offering a glimpse into how gut microbiome profiles in ASD differ across several countries including Italy [53,54], India [55], Spain [56], China [57], and Ecuador [58]. As expected, even though these individual studies highlight differences between the ASD and control groups, there is very little consistency of findings across these studies.…”

Section: Extensive Diversity Of Current Studies: Background and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism Spectrum Disorder as a Brain-Gut-Microbiome Axis Disorder

2020

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While there are numerous medical comorbidities associated with ASD, gastrointestinal (GI) issues have a significant impact on quality of life for these individuals. Recent findings continue to support the relationship between the gut microbiome and both GI symptoms and behavior, but the heterogeneity within the autism spectrum requires in-depth clinical characterization of these clinical cohorts. Large, diverse, well-controlled studies in this area of research are still needed. Although there is still much to discover about the brain-gut-microbiome axis in ASD, microbially mediated therapies, specifically probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation have shown promise in the treatment of GI symptoms in ASD, with potential benefit to the core behavioral symptoms of ASD as well. Future research and clinical trials must increasingly consider complex phenotypes in ASD in stratification of large datasets as well as in design of inclusion criteria for individual therapeutic interventions.

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Analysis of gut microbiome, nutrition and immune status in autism spectrum disorder: a case-control study in Ecuador

Cited by 55 publications

References 46 publications

Tongue microbiome in children with autism spectrum disorder

Tongue microbiome in children with autism spectrum disorder

Gut microbiota on gender bias in autism spectrum disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder as a Brain-Gut-Microbiome Axis Disorder

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