Analysis of Heavy Metal Toxicity in the Surface and Bottom Waters of Lower Lake Bhopal, M.P. (India)

Abstract

The present study was focused on the assessment of heavy metals in Lower Lake of Bhopal. With reference to toxic metal contamination, water samples were collected quaterly from four stations mentioned for a period of two years (January 2020 to December 2021). Heavy metals, i.e., iron, zinc, chromium, copper, and nickel were determined in surface and bottom waters taken from the Lower Lake, Bhopal, using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) according to the Standard Methods of American Public Health Association (APHA). The range values of these metals were compared with the tolerance limits as laid down by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India. Results of this analysis revealed that the concentration of these metals was below the permissible limits both in surface and bottom waters except Fe, which was alarming. It was concluded that the metals (Fe, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Ni) were present in water, and the contamination was supposed to be due to a high degree of anthropogenic stress including idol immersion activity. The water quality of the Lake reveals that although the situation is not too bad, it is alarming. Proper conservation and management plans and strategies have to be formulated and implemented for the restoration, conservation, and management of these water bodies at the government and public level.