Analysis of hygienic critical control points in boar semen production

Schulze, Martin; Ammon, Christian; Rüdiger, K; Jung, Markus; Grobbel, Mirjam

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.10.004

Cited by 81 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As these vats have several areas that are difficult to access for cleaning, the formation of biofilms inside the container could have taken place, allowing bacterial multiplication (SILVA et al, 2006). Indeed, Schulze et al (2015) verified that bacteria colonize the inner surface of dilution tanks lids during semen processing. In the presence of biofilms, conventional disinfection methods are not sufficient, requiring the use of higher disinfectant concentrations, which usually leave residues (SILVA et al, 2006) that can be toxic to spermatozoa.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Therefore, the degree of contamination of raw semen seems to have less of an effect on the quality of semen doses than situations in which the source of contamination comes from poor hygiene in the semen processing line. This aspect has been recently highlighted (SCHULZE et al, 2015) by the fact that in most cases, all of the samples from one stud were contaminated with identical bacteria, indicating contamination during semen processing. The production of semen doses with a high microbiological quality requires a strict care beyond the hygiene during semen collection, as raw semen with few CFU does not guarantee that semen doses will be free of contaminants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Although Althouse (2008) reported that the first step in reducing bacterial contamination of semen doses is to improve the hygiene of the boar and the collection procedure, Schulze et al (2015) reported that bacterial species cultured from the extended semen were also isolated from the raw ejaculate in only 4.5% of the contaminated semen doses. Taken together, these observations emphasize the assumption that total cleanliness during all work phases (especially in areas with higher risks) is necessary to maintain the maximum level of hygiene for semen processing (WEITZE, 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacterial concentrations that produce changes in agglutination, motility, pH and the acrosomes appear to occur more easily when water or extenders are contaminated. As high numbers of bacteria can be found in heating cabinets, ejaculate transfer, manual operating elements and laboratory surfaces (SCHULZE et al, 2015), the contamination can also take place during extender preparation and storage or along the processing line of semen doses. These contamination sources should be considered more important than raw semen because they will act on all processed semen doses and not only on semen doses produced by individually contaminated ejaculates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The training and motivation of the laboratory staff are extremely important (ALTHOUSE, 2008;SCHULZE et al, 2015) so that personnel be aware of the hygienic critical control points for the reduction of microbiological contamination. Considering that water contamination can affect the quality of a large number of semen doses, the preventive maintenance of purification systems by regularly replacing the key elements that assure its good functioning is very important.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of bacterial contamination of the ejaculate and extender on the quality of swine semen doses

Goldberg

Cardoso

Bernardi

et al. 2017

SCA

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The aim of this study was to verify the influence of the degree of bacterial contamination of boar ejaculate and semen extender on the quality of semen doses. The experiment was conducted in four boar studs, from which raw semen and two semen doses from each ejaculate were collected to evaluate the number of colony-forming units (CFU), pH, sperm morphology and motility. Extender samples were also evaluated for CFU. Ejaculates that had higher levels of contamination (> 220 CFU mL -1 ) resulted in semen doses with a greater degree of bacterial contamination but with no reduction in motility or alteration in pH. When the semen doses were classified according to the degree of contamination of the extender, a decrease in motility was observed after 108 and 168 h of storage (P < 0.05) in the group whose extender had ≥14,000 CFU mL -1 versus the group whose extender had ≤ 330 CFU mL -1 . The pH remained stable during 168 h of storage in semen doses with extender that had lower contamination levels, but decreased from 7.2 to 6.0 between 24 and 168 h of storage (P < 0.05) in the group with extender that had higher levels of contamination. A higher number of abnormal acrosomes (P < 0.05) was observed after 168 h of storage in the semen doses whose extender was highly contaminated. The production of semen doses with low bacterial contamination and high sperm cell viability will only be possible with a strict hygienic control in semen processing, primarily with respect to the extender, combined with minimal contamination during collection. Key words: Boar. Coliforms. Ejaculate contamination. Total mesophiles. ResumoO objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a influência do grau de contaminação bacteriana do ejaculado do macho suíno e do diluente na qualidade das doses inseminantes. O estudo foi conduzido em quatro centrais de inseminação, onde foram colhidas amostras de sêmen fresco e duas doses inseminantes produzidas a partir de cada uma das referidas amostras de sêmen. As amostras foram avaliadas quanto ao número de Unidades Formadoras de Colônia (UFC) de bactérias mesófilas totais e coliformes, pH, morfologia espermática e motilidade. de acordo com a contaminação do diluente, um decréscimo na motilidade foi observado após 108 e 168 horas de armazenamento (P < 0,05) no grupo em que o diluente apresentava ≥14.000 UFC mL -1 se comparado com o observado no grupo cujo diluente apresentava ≤330 UFC mL -1 . O pH permaneceu estável durante as 168 h de armazenamento em doses inseminantes que apresentavam diluentes com menor nível de contaminação, mas diminuiu de 7,2 para 6,0 entre 24 e 168 h de armazenamento (P < 0,05), no grupo com diluente que apresentava o maior nível de contaminação. Um número maior de acrossomas anormais (P < 0,05) foi observado após 168 h de armazenamento em doses inseminantes cujo diluente era altamente contaminado. A produção de doses inseminantes com baixa contaminação bacteriana e alta viabilidade de células espermáticas só é possível com um estrito controle de higiene durante o processamento do sê...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The impact of bacterial contamination of the ejaculate and extender on the quality of swine semen doses

Goldberg

Cardoso

Bernardi

et al. 2017

SCA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Science‐based quality control in boar semen production

Schulze¹,

Jung²,

Hensel³

2022

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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The ever‐increasing understanding of sperm physiology, combined with innovative technical advances, continuously furthers the development of boar semen production management. These improvements pave the way for the future implementation of modified quality assurance concepts. This review provides an overview of current trends and new approaches in boar semen production, focusing on: the improvement of hygienic standards, alternatives to the use of antibiotics including the application of cold temperature storage and the utilization of antimicrobial additives, as well as the implementation of new quality control tools. Furthermore, the influence of dilution and temperature management, as well as new possibilities for an improvement of boar semen shipping and storage conditions are reviewed.

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Effects of zinc chloride on boar sperm quality during liquid storage at 17°C

2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) at 20, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL on the quality of seminal plasma-free boar sperm stored at 17 • C for 7 days and to explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods: Boar sperm were collected and incubated in non-capacitation/capacitation medium to analyze sperm quality. Results:In the non-capacitated state, the addition of ZnCl 2 at 20 and 50 μg/mL improved the survival rate and plasma membrane integrity of boar sperm (p < 0.05).Compared to the control group, the addition of ZnCl 2 significantly increased total antioxidative capacity and CuZn superoxide dismutase activity, while reducing the malondialdehyde content (p < 0.05). ZnCl 2 at 100 and 200 μg/mL significantly decreased sperm motility, protein kinase A (PKA) substrate phosphorylation, and tyrosine phosphorylation. These proteins were mainly located on the mid-pieces of the flagellum.The addition of ZnCl 2 at 20 and 50 μg/mL conveyed a protective effect to boar sperm stored at 17 • C. Furthermore, ZnCl 2 at 100 and 200 μg/mL inhibited sperm motility via tyrosine phosphorylation, thus preventing the 'capacitation-like' state. In the capacitated state, there was no change in PKA substrate phosphorylation and tyrosine phosphorylation of the mid-pieces of the flagellum compared to the control groups, indicating that the addition of Zn 2+ did not negatively affect capacitation of preserved sperm. Conclusions:ZnCl 2 showed protective capacity to the preservation extender used for boar sperm during the process of 17 • C storage, and the optimal concentration of ZnCl 2 for the preservation extender was 100 μg/mL.

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Analysis of hygienic critical control points in boar semen production

Cited by 81 publications

References 23 publications

The impact of bacterial contamination of the ejaculate and extender on the quality of swine semen doses

The impact of bacterial contamination of the ejaculate and extender on the quality of swine semen doses

Science‐based quality control in boar semen production

Effects of zinc chloride on boar sperm quality during liquid storage at 17°C

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