Analysis of major ginsenosides in various ginseng samples

Abstract

The contents of major ginsenosides (ginsenosides Rb1, ginsenoside Rc, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rf, and ginsenoside Rg1) in ginseng cultivated in different areas in Korea, ginseng that underwent different cultivation processes and ages, and ginseng cultivated in different countries were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with UV/VIS detector. Ginsenoside Rc was the most abundant ginsenoside in all different ginseng samples. The highest total concentration of major ginsenosides was found in the ginseng cultivated in Jinan (0.931 mg/g) and 4-year grown red ginseng (1.785 mg/g). Major ginsenosides were the most abundant in Korean ginseng (1.264 mg/g), compared to those in Chinese and American ginseng. The results of this study showed the different contents of major ginsenosides in the ginseng samples tested and emphasized which sample could contain high yield of ginsenosides.

Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of American Ginseng for Different Parts and Abnormal Trait Based on the Major Ginsenoside Contents and Morphological Characteristics

“…Recent studies have reported that American ginseng exhibits immunomodulatory [ 2 ], antitumour [ 3 ], antioxidative [ 4 ], anti-inflammatory [ 5 ], and antidiabetic [ 6 ] effects, prevents ovarian ageing [ 7 ], and helps in expediting recovery from common cold [ 8 ]. Ginsenosides, as the main secondary metabolites of American ginseng, are the main bioactive components [ 9 , 10 ]. Because of its multiple biological activities, American ginseng has been widely adopted as a fundamental ingredient in functional foods, pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals.…”

Anticancer Activities of Ginsenosides, the Main Active Components of Ginseng

“…However, not all ginsenosides occur naturally in ginseng. Several factors influence the ginsenoside components of ginseng: cultivation method, harvesting age, and preparation treatment [ 43 – 45 ].…”

“…For instance, major ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1) can be deglycosylated into minor ginsenosides (F2, Rh2, Rg2, Rg3, and CK) [ 50 ]. Genetics also plays a role in ginsenoside content, as Korean ginseng ( P. ginseng ) has more major ginsenosides than the Chinese ( P. notoginseng ) or American ( P. quinquefolius ) species [ 45 ].…”