Analysis of Mixture Conditions Close to Spark Plug Location using a Time Resolved Gas Sampling Valve

Kölmel, Armin; Spicher, Ulrich; Düsterwald, R.; Wytrykus, Frank

doi:10.4271/982473

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The experimental measurement methods for RGM (or fraction) are either pressure [15][16][17] or emissions based. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Pressure-based methods are relatively less expensive than emissionbased methods, but they require a combination of accurate modeling and experimental measurements to produce accurate results. Emission-based methods combine a tracer species and a measurement technique.…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control-oriented residual gas mass prediction for spark ignition engines

Wang

Prucka

et al. 2014

International Journal of Engine Research

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Trapped residual gas mass is an important physical factor that influences combustion phasing and variation, fuel consumption, and air mass prediction for fuel control. There are currently no mass-production sensors available to directly measure in-cylinder residual gas mass, so prediction models must be utilized for control. Residual gas content of the cylinder can be difficult to directly model for control purposes because it involves complex flows during gas exchange that are driven by fluctuating pressures in the intake and exhaust systems. Capturing these effects in an accurate manner generally requires high model complexity and computational effort outside of the capability of most production intent engine controllers. This paper presents a semi-physics-based control oriented residual gas mass (RGM) prediction method. The RGM model is based on Bernoulli’s principle and considers engine operating conditions, valve timing and geometry, and piston motion effects. Moreover, to more accurately estimate the burned gas back flow, this model captures gas wave dynamic effects in intake and exhaust manifold pressures. The model is described in detail and its prediction accuracy is compared to that of a high fidelity simulation that utilizes experimentally measured crank angle resolved intake, exhaust, and cylinder pressures as boundary conditions. The new model is incorporated into a rapid-prototype control system for real-time operation during transient and steady-state engine operation. The results show that the proposed RGM model provides real-time predictions within 1.9-2.3% RGF, creating relative estimation errors in the range of 10-24%, and is capable of running real-time for engine control.

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Section: Experimental Setup and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control-oriented residual gas mass prediction for spark ignition engines

Wang

Prucka

et al. 2014

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…This requires a sampling of the gas in the combustion chamber and developing a methodology that allows analysis with reproducible results. Here, a fast gas sampling valve by Kistler Instrumente AG 17,18 was used, which enables sampling durations below 1 ms and a crank angle based triggering of the sampling. This allows an investigation of the gas composition near the combustion chamber walls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the near-wall gas composition in SI-engines using fast gas sampling

Fischer

Lehrheuer

Pischinger

2023

International Journal of Engine Research

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Future internal combustion engines using novel fuels and combustion systems have the potential to achieve ultra-high efficiency and lowest pollutant emissions to comply with future regulatory requirements. Realizing indicated efficiencies over 50% with ultra-lean low temperature combustion face new challenges. To meet this goal, hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions need to be reduced significantly further. To do this, knowledge must be gained about how the operation regime of the engine affects the HC and CO emissions. Since these emissions partly originate from areas where flame quenching occurs, an investigation of the gases near the wall is of interest. To this end a fast gas sampling method is being developed to extract and analyze the gas from the combustion chamber. The used fast gas sampling valve from Kistler enables sampling durations of less than 1 ms. Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy and a fast mass spectroscopy allow the determination of the sample composition. The valve is positioned inside the cylinder head of a single cylinder engine between intake and exhaust valves. In order to assess the effects of engine operating conditions on the formation of HC and CO at the cylinder walls, the measurement uncertainty of the setup must be evaluated. Since the combustion process is subject to cyclic variations, the evaluation of only a few individual measurements is not meaningful. Therefore, mean values are determined from the evaluation of several measurements not performed consecutively. By examining the mean and standard deviation of these measurements for each species, one can determine a measurement error. In comparison, lean operation with RON95E10 fuel at an IMEP = 12 bar and an engine speed of n = 2000 1/min shows a significant reduction in intermediate hydrocarbon species such as acetylene and a significant increase in fuel species such as ethanol compared to stoichiometric operation.

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“…Pressure measurement (indicated mean effective pressure, i.m.e.p.) and in situ gas sampling [4] can give a time-or space-averaged description of the engine behaviour. Laser techniques are used to provide data with high time and space resolution and have become increasingly popular in automotive research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the use of laser-induced fluorescence for the measurement of in-cylinder air—fuel ratios

Sercey

Heikal

Gold

et al. 2002

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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This paper presents the development of a new strategy for the calibration of air-fuel ratio measurements in engines by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). After a brief introduction to the LIF technique, the paper highlights the structured approach undertaken to ensure that accurate quantitative measurements were produced. In particular, the new approach to coping with the fluorescence dependency on pressure and temperature, the issues related to the choice of a fluorescence tracer, the careful determination of the optimum tracer concentration and the complete calibration methodology are described, together with the resolution of some of the obstacles encountered. The paper concludes with some examples of calibrated measurements accompanied by a comparison of the results with combustion and emission performances. These results show a very good correlation.

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Analysis of Mixture Conditions Close to Spark Plug Location using a Time Resolved Gas Sampling Valve

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Control-oriented residual gas mass prediction for spark ignition engines

Control-oriented residual gas mass prediction for spark ignition engines

Evaluation of the near-wall gas composition in SI-engines using fast gas sampling

On the use of laser-induced fluorescence for the measurement of in-cylinder air—fuel ratios

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