Analysis of non-point source characteristics of heavy metals and oil and grease at railway bridge area with various land uses

Stormwater quality management in rail transportation — Past, present and future

“…The rates for large transformers, booster transformers and auxiliary transformers are 10, 3 and 0.5 L/year, respectively (Gustafsson et al, 2007). In a recent study on the stormwater runoff profile from railway bridges, Gil and Im (2014) found the concentrations of oil and grease in a concrete road-bed and a gravel road-bed were 0.20-2.90 and 0.61-6.70 mg/L. Oil leakages contain a high concentration of carcinogenic PAHs.…”

“…The distribution of metals depends on spatial and temporal scales which have not been studied. Three studies reported the existence of metals in railway runoff (Gil and Im, 2014;Gill, 2012;Larsson, 2004). Apparently, it is difficult to compare between railway runoff and highway runoff quality due to data for the former group being both lacking and inadequate.…”

“…Consequently, the retention time of pollutants in rail tracks fluctuates significantly, from half a day to three months from site to site (Osborne and Montague, 2005). The first flush effect was detected at locations that experienced great variation in wet and dry weather conditions (Gil and Im, 2014), but in places where the rainfall regime was more uniform, the first flush effect may not be observed (Lee et al, 2007).…”