Analysis of nuclear ribonucleoproteic structures during notochordal cell differentiation and maturation in chick embryos

Zavala, Guadalupe; Vázquez‐Nin, Gerardo H.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0185(20000601)259:2<113::aid-ar1>3.0.co;2-v

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Secondly, NCs and NCCM are both able to stimulate the migration of EP chondrocytes [70], which makes the NC organizer function more likely than the progenitor function. Thirdly, two cell types have been detected in the developing notochord: large vacuolated cells and smaller non-vacuolated cells [71]. Thus, the presumed origin of NP tissue, i.e.…”

Section: Regenerative Treatment Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential regenerative treatment strategies for intervertebral disc degeneration in dogs

et al. 2014

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Pain due to spontaneous intervertebral disc (IVD) disease is common in dogs. In chondrodystrophic (CD) dogs, IVD disease typically develops in the cervical or thoracolumbar spine at about 3–7 years of age, whereas in non-chondrodystrophic (NCD) dogs, it usually develops in the caudal cervical or lumbosacral spine at about 6–8 years of age. IVD degeneration is characterized by changes in the biochemical composition and mechanical integrity of the IVD. In the degenerated IVD, the content of glycosaminoglycan (GAG, a proteoglycan side chain) decreases and that of denatured collagen increases. Dehydration leads to tearing of the annulus fibrosus (AF) and/or disc herniation, which is clinically characterized by pain and/or neurological signs. Current treatments (physiotherapy, anti-inflammatory/analgesic medication, surgery) for IVD disease may resolve neurological deficits and reduce pain (although in many cases insufficient), but do not lead to repair of the degenerated disc. For this reason, there is interest in new regenerative therapies that can repair the degenerated disc matrix, resulting in restoration of the biomechanical function of the IVD. CD dogs are considered a suitable animal model for human IVD degeneration because of their spontaneous IVD degeneration, and therefore studies investigating cell-, growth factor-, and/or gene therapy-based regenerative therapies with this model provide information relevant to both human and canine patients. The aim of this article is to review potential regenerative treatment strategies for canine IVD degeneration, with specific emphasis on cell-based strategies.

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Section: Regenerative Treatment Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential regenerative treatment strategies for intervertebral disc degeneration in dogs

et al. 2014

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“…Noteworthy, the presence of two cell types with distinct morphologies in the late stages of development of the notochord has been reported: large vacuolated and smaller, spindle-shaped cells. 82 Thus, the notochord contains cells of differing size that are similar to those seen in the nucleus pulposus itself. Also relevant to this discussion is that in the growth plate, chondrocyte volumes can vary by as much as eight- to ten-fold.…”

Section: The Cellular Composition Of the Adult Nucleus Pulposusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Notochordal Cells in the Adult Intervertebral Disc: New Perspective on an Old Question

Risbud

Shapiro

2011

Crit Rev Eukar Gene Expr

144

165

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The intervertebral disc is a soft tissue, positioned between each of the vertebrae, that accommodates applied biomechanical forces to the spine. The central compartment of the disc contains the nucleus pulposus (NP), which is enclosed by the annulus fibrosus and the endplate cartilage. The NP is derived from the notochord, a rodlike structure of mesodermal origin. Development of the notochord is tightly regulated by interactive transcription factors and target genes. Since a number of these molecules are unique, they have been used for cell lineage and fate mapping studies of tissues of the intervertebral disc. These studies have shown that in a number of species including human, NP tissue retains notochordal cells throughout life. In the adult NP, there are present both large and small notochordal cells, as well as a progenitor cell population which can differentiate along the mesengenic pathway. Since tissue renewal in the intervertebral disc is dependent on the ability of these cells to commit to the NP lineage and undergo terminal differentiation, studies have been performed to assess which signaling pathways may regulate these activities. The notch signaling pathway is active in the intervertebral disc and is responsive to hypoxia, probably through HIF-1α. From a disease viewpoint, it is hypothesized that an oxemic shift, possibly mediated by alterations in the vascular supply to the tissues of the disc, would be expected to lead to a failure in notochordal progenitor cell activation and a decrease in the number of differentiated cells. In turn, this would lead to decrements in function and enhancement of the effect of agents that are known to promote disc degeneration.

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“…It is known that in chick embryo the notochord develops through four periods of activity which are related to cytodifferentiation and functional maturation, with cessation of mitosis, cell apoptosis and decrease in the nucleolar volume in the fourth period [33]. It was also found by canine/bovine notochord cell cultures that a small number of notochordal cells persist in the nucleus pulposus with the function of maintaining disk integrity [34].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on the Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics of Chordoma

Larizza

Mortini

Riva

2005

Hered Cancer Clin Pract

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Chordoma is a rare mesenchymal tumour of complex biology for which only histologic and immunohistochemical criteria have been defined, but no biomarkers predicting the clinical outcome and response to treatment have yet been recognised. We herein review the interdisciplinary information achieved by epidemiologists, neurosurgeons and basic scientists on chordoma, usually a sporadic tumour, which also includes a small fraction of familial cases. Main focus is on the current knowledge of the genetic alterations which might pinpoint candidate genes and molecular mechanisms shared by sporadic and familiar chordomas. Due to the scarcity of the investigated tumour specimens and the multiple chromosome abnormalities found in tumours with aberrant karyotypes, conventional cytogenetics and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization failed to detect recurrent chordoma-specific chromosomal rearrangements. Genome-wide approaches such as Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) are yet at an initial stage of application and should be implemented using BAC arrays either genome-wide or targeting selected genomic regions, disclosed by Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) studies. An LOH region was shown by a systematic study on a consistent number of chordomas to encompass 1p36, a genomic interval where a candidate gene was suggested to reside. Despite the rarity of multiplex families with chordoma impaired linkage studies, a chordoma locus could be mapped to chromosome 7q33 by positive lod score in three independent families. The role in chordomagenesis of the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) genes has been proved, but the extent of involvement of TSC1 and TSC2 oncosuppressors in chordoma remains to be assessed. In spite of the scarce knowledge on the genetics and molecular biology of chordoma, recent initiation of clinical trials using molecular-targeted therapy, should validate new molecular targets and predict the efficacy of a given therapy. Comparative genetic and biomolecular studies should enhance the molecular taxonomy of chordoma which might have a prognostic significance and better orient the therapeutic options.

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Analysis of nuclear ribonucleoproteic structures during notochordal cell differentiation and maturation in chick embryos

Cited by 7 publications

References 47 publications

Potential regenerative treatment strategies for intervertebral disc degeneration in dogs

Potential regenerative treatment strategies for intervertebral disc degeneration in dogs

Notochordal Cells in the Adult Intervertebral Disc: New Perspective on an Old Question

Update on the Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics of Chordoma

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