“…The application of symbolic behavioral modeling approaches allows to perform sensitivity analysis (Shi & Meng, 2009), which can be very useful to determine design-limits in designing nonlinear circuits. For example, to determine the tuning range of mixed-mode quadrature oscillators (Ansari & Maheshwari, 2009), the phase margin of opamps (Pugliese et al, 2010), to identify the dominant circuit-elements in low-voltage amplifiers (Tlelo-Cuautle, Martinez-Romero, Sánchez-López & X.-D. , and to identify the noisy elements at the transistor level of design . From the advantages infered above, we present the symbolic behavioral modeling of analog circuits using the pathological elements: nullators and norators.…”