“…Accurately assessing the instability characteristics of plate connection joints under complex loads such as earthquakes and wind loads is crucial for the safety and reliability of structures. The risk of failure at critical locations [ 5 , 6 ] in plate connections can lead to catastrophic collapses of buildings [ 7 , 8 ]. This risk can be attributed to the sequential evolution of performance [ 9 ] and the cumulative progression of damage, representing the gradual transformation of the energy system in plate joints from quantitative to qualitative changes, continually triggering failure risks [ 10 ].…”