Analysis of scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq demonstrates the effects of EVI2B or CD361 on CD8⁺ T cells in osteosarcoma

Abstract

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common primary malignant tumor of the bone in children and adolescents. The five-year survival rate is estimated to be ~70% based on the currently available treatment modalities. It is well known that tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) that are the most important components in the tumor microenvironment can exert a killing effect on tumor cells. Therefore, in the present study, 85 RNA-sequencing OS samples were categorized into high- and low-immune score groups with ESTIAMATE. Based on the immune score groups, 474 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were acquired using the LIMMA package of R language. Subsequently, 86 DEGs were taken through univariate COX regression analysis, of which 14 were screened out by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis. Furthermore, multivariate COX regression analysis was performed to obtain 4 DEGs. Finally, ecotropic virus integration site 2B (EVI2B) or CD361 gene was screened out via Kaplan-Meier analysis. In addition, CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate the proportion of 22 kinds of TIICs in OS. Correlation analysis revealed that the high expression level of EVI2B can elevate the infiltrated proportion of CD8+ T cells. Moreover, analysis of single cell RNA-sequencing transcriptome datasets and immunohistochemical staining uncovered that EVI2B was mainly expressed on CD8+ T cells and that EVI2B could promote the expression of granzyme A and K of CD8+ T cells to exhibit a potent killing effect on tumor cells. Therefore, EVI2B was identified as a protective immune-related gene and contributed to good prognosis in OS patients.

Identifying squalene epoxidase as a metabolic vulnerability in high‐risk osteosarcoma using an artificial intelligence‐derived prognostic index

“…Elevated GLIPR1 expression correlates with macrophage differentiation and displays anti‐OSA effects via miR‐16 75 . EVI2B protein has been identified in CD8 + T cells within OSA tissues 76 . The FPR1 protein is present in multiple immune cells 77 .…”

“… 75 EVI2B protein has been identified in CD8 + T cells within OSA tissues. 76 The FPR1 protein is present in multiple immune cells. 77 These results indicate that our AIDPI, established by using these 12 genes, reflects the influence of multiple biological processes associated with OSA progression, which could explain its increased predictive precision over clinicopathological markers and existing OSA signatures.…”

Integrative analysis of bulk RNA‐seq and scRNA‐seq data indicates the prognostic and immunologic values of SERPINH1 in glioma

“…47 Additionally, the TISCH2 website is a tumor microenvironment-focused scRNA-seq database that offers comprehensive single-cell annotations of different cell types. 48,49 We conducted scRNA-seq to address the limitations of traditional bulk RNA-seq. Based on findings, the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells exhibited the primary expression of SERPINH1.…”

“…In the glioma microenvironment, high expression of CTLA4 induced more immune cell infiltration than its low expression, and it was correlate with other immune‐related molecules, such as CD40 47 . Additionally, the TISCH2 website is a tumor microenvironment‐focused scRNA‐seq database that offers comprehensive single‐cell annotations of different cell types 48,49 . We conducted scRNA‐seq to address the limitations of traditional bulk RNA‐seq.…”