Analysis of some metallic elements and metalloids composition and relationships in parasol mushroom Macrolepiota procera

Abstract

The aim of the study was to characterise the multi-elemental composition and associations between a group of 32 elements and 16 rare earth elements collected by mycelium from growing substrates and accumulated in fruiting bodies of Macrolepiota procera from 16 sites from the lowland areas of Poland. The elements were quantified by inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry using validated method. The correlation matrix obtained from a possible 48 × 16 data matrix has been used to examine if any association exits between 48 elements in mushrooms foraged from 16 sampling localizations by multivariate approach using principal component (PC) analysis. The model could explain up to 93% variability by eight factors for which an eigenvalue value was ≥1. Absolute values of the correlation coefficient were above 0.72 (significance at p < 0.05) for 43 elements. From a point of view by consumer, the absolute content of Cd, Hg, Pb in caps of M. procera collected from background (unpolluted) areas could be considered elevated while sporadic/occasional ingestion of this mushroom is considered safe. The multivariate functional analysis revealed on associated accumulation of many elements in this mushroom. M. procera seem to possess some features of a bio-indicative species for anthropogenic Pb but also for some geogenic metals.

ECONOMETRIC MODEL FOR ESTIMATION OF HEAVY METALS IN WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOM (\textit{SUILLUS LUTEUS})

“…The heavy metal contents of the species depend on the ability of the species to extract elements from the substrate, and on the selective uptake and deposition of elements in tissues. The results obtained in the current study, indicated that Pb, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe content of the investigated mushroom samples were comparable with those reported in the literature (Table 1) (see [1], [4], [5]). The averages of Pb, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe present in the studied wild mushrooms were far below the limits set by the WHO (see [7]).…”

“…Furthermore, deficiency or imbalance of essential or non-essential minerals above threshold concentration levels confers a risk of disease development. Therefore, the adequate and accurate food composition data are essential for estimating the adequacy of intake of essential nutrients and assessing the risk from toxic metals (see [1], [5]).…”

Mineral constituents of conserved white button mushrooms: similarities and differences

“…Selenium at very low doses (ca. 3 μg per kg body mass daily) is essential to human [20,26]. The medians of Se in pickled mushrooms were in the range 0.19 to 1.6 mg kg -1 dm, and the overall median was 0.60 mg kg -1 dm ( Table 2).…”

“…For cultivated mushrooms, the grower may influence the content of minerals and contaminants accumulated in flesh by selection of a proper substrate and cultivation method [22,34]. High quality information on the multi-mineral composition and nutritional characteristics of mushrooms is expanding in the recent years thanks to the modern methods of analysis [2,20,[36][37][38]. A great biodiversity of mushrooms and their emergence at sites that differ in soil geochemistry or a degree of pollution makes study on the wild mushrooms perceived as organic food challenging.…”

“…A. bisporus has a very short service life, only 1-3 days at ambient temperature [3] or from 5 to 7 days at 0 °C to 2 °C [20], due to its high water content (about 90%) and high enzymatic activity. A common drying or more advanced "traditional" and modern culinary technologies such as pickling, salting, frying, freezing and freeze-drying are used to preserve mushrooms.…”