Analysis of Sputtering Damage on I–V Curves for Perovskite Solar Cells and Simulation with Reversed Diode Model

Abstract

Tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) sputtering is known as a damaging cause on organic hole transporting material in solar cells. In order to gain more insights into the reasons for poor device performance of perovskite solar cells by the ITO sputtering on Spiro-OMeTAD, here we present an in-depth study by I−V simulation analysis using corresponding equivalent circuit models. First, experimental I−V data were obtained for the perovskite solar cells with ⟨FTO/TiO 2 (dense)/ TiO 2 (mesoporous)/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /Spiro-OMeTAD/ITO/Au⟩ configuration. An Au layer (t = 50 nm) was deposited on the ITO as a contact layer. The simulation studies indicated that sputtering of ITO onto Spiro-OMeTAD introduced a reverse Schottky diode and an additional diode to the device that could be relating the sputtering damage of the Spiro-OMeTAD layer. By considering the parameter of the reverse diode element as a function of sputtering time, it was found that the barrier height of the reverse Schottky diode was enhanced by the sputtering damage against Spiro-OMeTAD, which could be the key reason for the reduced fill factor of the devices.

Perovskite Solar Cells Using Surface‐Modified NiOx Nanoparticles as Hole Transport Materials in n‐i‐p Configuration

“…For the NiO x ‐based PSCs, an S‐shaped J–V curve was observed (Figure S14, Supporting Information), which was not the case for the NiO x –HA‐based PSCs. These results suggest that a reverse Schottky diode was produced at the surface between the perovskite layer and the Au layer in the case of NiO x ‐based device, which indicates that the perovskite layer was directly in contact with the Au electrode . This interpretation is corroborated by the SEM image of the pristine NiO x film on top of the perovskite layer, in which the perovskite layer was not completely covered by NiO x NPs (Figure a).…”

All-inorganic inverse perovskite solar cells using zinc oxide nanocolloids on spin coated perovskite layer

“…In this experiment, it was impossible to understand the factor given to the fill factor ( FF ) value. For that reason, we are currently searching for factors that influence the value of FF value by performing internal interface analysis [ 35 – 37 ].…”

Emerging Semitransparent Solar Cells: Materials and Device Design

“…TCOs, including ITO, hydrogen‐doped indium oxide (IO:H), indium zinc oxide (IZO), and aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO), have been explored as transparent electrodes for ST‐PSCs. These electrodes are usually prepared via sputtering and thus inorganic buffer layers (e.g., MoO 3 or MoO x ) are required for protecting the underlying perovskite layer from being damaged . It is notable that most of the studies are focusing on the fabrication of NIR‐transparent ST‐PSCs for applications in tandem solar cell.…”