Analysis of Structure and Composition of Bacterial Core Communities in Mature Drinking Water Biofilms and Bulk Water of a Citywide Network in Germany

Henne, Karsten; Kahlisch, Leila; Brettar, Ingrid; Höfle, Manfred G.

doi:10.1128/aem.06373-11

Cited by 137 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This study also observed seasonal variation as a key factor to drive the overall variation in the biofilm community (Figures 3a and b) and influence the dynamics of several core populations. Similar observations were reported in DWDS pipe section biofilms (Henne et al, 2012). We hypothesize that seasonal water temperature fluctuation is the likely reason (Supplementary Figure S1B); however, further Drinking water distribution system microbiota F Ling et al studies are needed for better elucidation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Only a few studies have sampled the whole community of biofilms in fullscale systems. Diverse composition (Henne et al, 2012;Kelly et al, 2014) and temporal variation in biomass and dominant species have been observed (Kelly et al, 2014). However, these studies typically used pipeline sections as the source of biofilms, and because of the feasibility of acquiring multiple pipe sections, spatial replication can be limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Core-satellite populations and seasonality of water meter biofilms in a metropolitan drinking water distribution system

et al. 2015

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Drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) harbor the microorganisms in biofilms and suspended communities, yet the diversity and spatiotemporal distribution have been studied mainly in the suspended communities. This study examined the diversity of biofilms in an urban DWDS, its relationship with suspended communities and its dynamics. The studied DWDS in Urbana, Illinois received conventionally treated and disinfected water sourced from the groundwater. Over a 2-year span, biomass were sampled from household water meters (n = 213) and tap water (n = 20) to represent biofilm and suspended communities, respectively. A positive correlation between operational taxonomic unit (OTU) abundance and occupancy was observed. Examined under a 'core-satellite' model, the biofilm community comprised 31 core populations that encompassed 76.7% of total 16 S rRNA gene pyrosequences. The biofilm communities shared with the suspended community highly abundant and prevalent OTUs, which related to methano-/methylotrophs (i.e., Methylophilaceae and Methylococcaceae) and aerobic heterotrophs (Sphingomonadaceae and Comamonadaceae), yet differed by specific core populations and lower diversity and evenness. Multivariate tests indicated seasonality as the main contributor to community structure variation. This pattern was resilient to annual change and correlated to the cyclic fluctuations of core populations. The findings of a distinctive biofilm community assemblage and methano-/methyltrophic primary production provide critical insights for developing more targeted water quality monitoring programs and treatment strategies for groundwater-sourced drinking water systems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core-satellite populations and seasonality of water meter biofilms in a metropolitan drinking water distribution system

et al. 2015

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“…The viable cells in the water leaving the WTP were dominated by Gammapoteobacteria (Fig 3), particularly members of Xanthomonadales order (Table 1), while the enrichment of viable Alphaproteobacteria in homes with piped and cistern water (Fig 3) indicates that biofilms are present on the inner surfaces of pipes and cisterns in the water distribution system of this community (Mathieu et al, 2009;Henne et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria in drinking water sources of a First Nation reserve in Canada

Farenhorst

Jahan

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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Approximately 20% of the 600 First Nations reserves across Canada are under a drinking water advisory, often due to unacceptable levels of bacteria. In this study, we detected fecal bacteria at an alarmingly high frequency in drinking water sources in a fly-in First Nations community, most notably in buckets/drums of homes without running water where Escherichia coli levels ranged from 20 to 62,000 CFU/100mL. The water leaving the water treatment plant was free of E. coli and its free residual chlorine concentration (0.67 mg/L) was within the range typically observed for treated water in Canada. Water samples from taps in homes served by cisterns, and those sampled from the water truck and community standpipe, always showed unacceptable levels of E. coli (1 to 2,100 CFU/100mL) and free residual chlorine concentrations below the 0.2 mg/L required to prevent bacterial regrowth. Samples from taps in homes served by piped water had lower levels of E. coli (0 to 2 CFU/100mL). DNA-and RNA-based 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing demonstrated that piped and cisterns water distribution systems showed an abundance of viable cells of Alphaproteobacteria indicative of biofilm formation in pipes and cisterns. The alpha diversity, based on observed OTUs and three other indices, was lowest in water truck samples that supplied water to the cistern and the low free residual chlorine concentration (0.07 mg/L) and predominance of Betaproteobacteria (63% of viable cells) that were immediately detected after the truck had filled up at the water treatment plant was indicative of contamination by particulate matter. Given these findings, First Nation residents living without running water and relying on inadequate water distribution systems are at higher risk of contracting water-born illnesses. We urge all governments in Canada to expand their investments in supporting and sustaining water as a human right in Canada's First Nations communities. 3 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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“…Five such sequences were discovered along with potential opportunistic pathogens in showerhead biofilms (17). A recent study of a more than 20-y-old drinking water network that compared bacterial core communities in bulk water and associated biofilms revealed that the biofilm samples contained a unique community with no overlapping phylotypes with the bulk water samples (45). TM6 represented 11% of the clones observed in these biofilms.…”

Section: Phylogenetic and Phylogenomic Analyses Of Candidate Phylum Tm6mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S7), which suggests that this phylum has a cosmopolitan distribution, although typically found at low relative abundance. Its ecological distribution (derived from published and unpublished studies that have deposited related sequences in GenBank) includes domestic water sources (17,39,45), acidic cave biofilms, acid mine drainage biofilms (46), wastewater biofilms (47), soil, contaminated groundwater and subsurface sites (48,49), aquatic moss, hypersaline mats, peat bogs, and peat swamps (30,50). These and additional environments where TM6 was detected in 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, including a number of biofilm-related samples, are highlighted in SI Appendix, Table S1.…”

Section: Phylogenetic and Phylogenomic Analyses Of Candidate Phylum Tm6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidate phylum TM6 genome recovered from a hospital sink biofilm provides genomic insights into this uncultivated phylum

McLean

Lombardo

Badger

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

169

166

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The "dark matter of life" describes microbes and even entire divisions of bacterial phyla that have evaded cultivation and have yet to be sequenced. We present a genome from the globally distributed but elusive candidate phylum TM6 and uncover its metabolic potential. TM6 was detected in a biofilm from a sink drain within a hospital restroom by analyzing cells using a highly automated single-cell genomics platform. We developed an approach for increasing throughput and effectively improving the likelihood of sampling rare events based on forming small random pools of single-flow-sorted cells, amplifying their DNA by multiple displacement amplification and sequencing all cells in the pool, creating a "mini-metagenome." A recently developed single-cell assembler, SPAdes, in combination with contig binning methods, allowed the reconstruction of genomes from these mini-metagenomes. A total of 1.07 Mb was recovered in seven contigs for this member of TM6 (JCVI TM6SC1), estimated to represent 90% of its genome. High nucleotide identity between a total of three TM6 genome drafts generated from pools that were independently captured, amplified, and assembled provided strong confirmation of a correct genomic sequence. TM6 is likely a Gram-negative organism and possibly a symbiont of an unknown host (nonfree living) in part based on its small genome, low-GC content, and lack of biosynthesis pathways for most amino acids and vitamins. Phylogenomic analysis of conserved single-copy genes confirms that TM6SC1 is a deeply branching phylum. (1), which is accomplished using multiple displacement amplification (MDA) (2-5) of genomic DNA to obtain sufficient template. We applied a high-throughput strategy to capture and sequence genomes of bacteria from a biofilm in a hospital sink including pathogens, such as the oral periodontal pathogen (Porphyromonas gingivalis) (6) and uncultivated members (this study). Despite the fact that a typical person spends ∼90% of their time indoors (7), our knowledge of the microbial diversity of the indoor environment has only recently begun to be explored using culture-independent methods (8, 9). Biofilms within water distribution systems in particular are thought to be diverse microbial communities and potential reservoirs of disease-causing organisms in the indoor environment. Several pathogens including Escherichia coli, Legionella pneumophila (10-13), Vibrio cholerae (14), and Helicobacter pylori (15, 16) have been detected in biofilms within water distribution systems. A recent 16S rRNA gene (abbreviated henceforth as 16S unless otherwise stated) molecular survey also revealed significant loads of Mycobacterium avium in showerhead biofilms (17). Based on these findings, indoor environments can clearly serve as significant reservoirs of pathogenic bacteria, and therefore there is great interest in investigating the rare and abundant bacterial species within biofilms in these environments.One approach to capture uncultivated bacteria is to isolate single bacterial cells by fluorescent activat...

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Analysis of Structure and Composition of Bacterial Core Communities in Mature Drinking Water Biofilms and Bulk Water of a Citywide Network in Germany

Cited by 137 publications

References 45 publications

Core-satellite populations and seasonality of water meter biofilms in a metropolitan drinking water distribution system

Core-satellite populations and seasonality of water meter biofilms in a metropolitan drinking water distribution system

Bacteria in drinking water sources of a First Nation reserve in Canada

Candidate phylum TM6 genome recovered from a hospital sink biofilm provides genomic insights into this uncultivated phylum

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