Analysis of the Association Between Motor and Anthropometric Variables with Change of Direction Speed and Reactive Agility Performance

Sattler, Tine; Sekulić, Damir; Spasić, Miodrag; Perić, Mia; Krolo, Ante; Uljević, Ognjen; Kondrič, Miran

doi:10.1515/hukin-2015-0069

Cited by 41 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Most specifically, it is reasonable to expect that different sports develop sport-specific agility such as forward-backward running in basketball, zig-zag sprinting agility in soccer, etc., as indirectly confirmed in recent investigations where authors developed sport-specific agility tests for handball, emphasising the crucial movement agility in this sport (i.e. lateral displacement) ( Spasic et al, 2015 ). Therefore, in those studies including athletes from different sports, a relatively low correlation between different agility tests is actually a natural consequence of the development of some sport-specific type of agility ( Metikos et al, 2003 ; Sekulic et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Reliability and Factorial Validity of Non-Specific and Tennis-Specific Pre-Planned Agility Tests; Preliminary Analysis

Sekulić

Uljević

Perić

et al. 2017

Journal of Human Kinetics

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Agility is an important quality in tennis, yet there is an evident lack of studies focussing on the applicability of tennis-specific agility performances and comparing them to equivalent non-specific agility performances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and factorial validity of three tests of pre-planned agility, performed in specific (with a tennis racquet) and non-specific (without a tennis racquet) conditions. The sample consisted of 33 tennis players (13 males and 20 females; age: 18.3 ± 1.1 years and 18.6 ± 1.3 years; body height: 185.4 ± 51 cm and 169.3 ± 4.2 cm, 74.0 ± 4.4 kg and 61.2 ± 3.1 kg, respectively). The variables comprised three agility tests: a 20-yard test, a T-test and the Illinois test, all performed in both specific and non-specific conditions. Between-subject and within-subject reliability were found to be high (Cronbach Alpha: 0.93 to 0.98; Coefficient of Variation: 3 to 8%), with better within-subject reliability and stability of the measurement for specific tests. Pearson’s product moment correlations between the non-specific and specific agility performances were high (r ≥0.84), while factor analysis extracted only one significant latent dimension on the basis of the Guttman-Kaiser criterion. The results of the 20-yard test were better when the test was conducted in the specific conditions (t-test = 2.66; p < 0.05). For the Illinois test, superior results were recorded in the non-specific conditions (t-test = 2.96; p < 0.05), which can be explained by the test duration (about 20 s) and non-specific locomotion forms such as rotational movements. Considering the findings of the present study, when testing tennis-specific pre-planned agility, we suggest using tests of short duration (less than 10 s) and sport-specific types of locomotion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Reliability and Factorial Validity of Non-Specific and Tennis-Specific Pre-Planned Agility Tests; Preliminary Analysis

Sekulić

Uljević

Perić

et al. 2017

Journal of Human Kinetics

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“…The significant differences in the CODS and RAG between performance levels are particularly important in light of the previously discussed non-significant differences between performance levels in other conditioning capacities. More precisely, studies conducted to date have regularly confirmed the importance of sprinting and jumping capacities in different CODS performances, whereas the reactive-strength index (RSI) is reported as an important determinant of reactive-agility ( Sekulic et al, 2013 ; Sattler et al, 2015 ). Moreover, it must be noted that U17 and U19 players did not differ in body dimensions (BH and BM) or BF%, which is also noted as an important determinant of CODS in reactive-agility in previous investigations ( Sisic et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…At contact with the ground, they were instructed to shorten the contact time (CT) and maximize the JH as much as possible. The RSI was calculated as JH/CT (m/s) as previously reported, and the highest score was used for the analysis ( Sattler et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Reactive Agility and Change of Direction Speed in Differentiating Performance Levels in Junior Soccer Players: Reliability and Validity of Newly Developed Soccer-Specific Tests

et al. 2018

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Agility is a significant determinant of success in soccer; however, studies have rarely presented and evaluated soccer-specific tests of reactive agility (S_RAG) and non-reactive agility (change of direction speed – S_CODS) or their applicability in this sport. The aim of this study was to define the reliability and validity of newly developed tests of the S_RAG and S_CODS to discriminate between the performance levels of junior soccer players. The study consisted of 20 players who were involved at the highest national competitive rank (all males; age: 17.0 ± 0.9 years), divided into three playing positions (defenders, midfielders, and forwards) and two performance levels (U17 and U19). Variables included body mass (BM), body height, body fat percentage, 20-m sprint, squat jump, countermovement jump, reactive-strength-index, unilateral jump, 1RM-back-squat, S_CODS, and three protocols of S_RAG. The reliabilities of the S_RAG and S_CODS were appropriate to high (ICC: 0.70 to 0.92), with the strongest reliability evidenced for the S_CODS. The S_CODS and S_RAG shared 25–40% of the common variance. Playing positions significantly differed in BM (large effect-size differences [ES]; midfielders were lightest) and 1RM-back-squat (large ES; lowest results in midfielders). The performance levels significantly differed in age and experience in soccer; U19 achieved better results in the S_CODS (t-test: 3.61, p < 0.05, large ES) and two S_RAG protocols (t-test: 2.14 and 2.41, p < 0.05, moderate ES). Newly developed tests of soccer-specific agility are applicable to differentiate U17 and U19 players. Coaches who work with young soccer athletes should be informed that the development of soccer-specific CODS and RAG in this age is mostly dependent on training of the specific motor proficiency.

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“…In addition, reducing body fat could likely have a positive effect on both reactive strength and futsal-specific agility. Specifically, such influence is suggested for other team sports in which jumping capacities and agility are important determinants of success ( Sattler et al, 2015 ; Sisic et al, 2016 ; Pehar et al, 2018 ). Consequently, a decrease in body fat could improve the efficiency of execution of futsal-specific movements, ultimately increasing overall futsal performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Anthropometric Determinants of Performance Levels in Professional Futsal

et al. 2021

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There is an evident lack of studies examining the pursuit of excellence in futsal. The aims of this study were to evaluate anthropometric and physiological variables that may contribute to distinguishing among performance levels in professional futsal players and to evaluate correlates of those variables. The participants were 75 male professionals (age = 25.1 ± 5.1 years, body height = 182.3 ± 6.2 cm, body mass = 80.8 ± 10.4 kg), who were divided into performance levels using two criteria: (i) starters (first teams) vs. non-starters (substitutes) and (ii) top-level players (members of the national team and players who participated in top-level team competition in Europe) vs. high-level players (team players competing at the highest national competitive rank). Variables included anthropometrics (body height and mass, BMI, body fat percentage), generic tests of physiological capacities [5- and 10-m sprints, countermovement jump, broad jump, 20-yard test, reactive strength index (RSI)], and futsal-specific fitness tests [kicking speed by dominant and non-dominant leg, futsal-specific tests of change of direction speed, and reactive agility (FSRAG) involving/not involving dribbling the ball]. Top-level players outperformed high-level players in RSI, broad jump, kicking speed, and FSRAG involving dribbling. Starters achieved better results than non-starters in fewer variables, including kicking speed and RSI. Body fat percentage negatively influenced FSRAG involving dribbling, and RSI. FSRAG, RSI, and kicking speed were significantly correlated, indicating the similar physiological background of these capacities. The findings suggest that enhanced reactive strength and the ability to rapidly change direction speed in response to external stimulus while executing futsal-specific motor tasks (e.g., dribbling), along with players’ ability to kick the ball speedily, can be considered essential qualities required for advanced performance in futsal. Consequently, futsal strength and conditioning training should be targeted toward lowering relative body fat, maximizing lower-body reactive strength and including futsal-specific skills (e.g., dribbling, shooting) in reactive agility drills.

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Analysis of the Association Between Motor and Anthropometric Variables with Change of Direction Speed and Reactive Agility Performance

Cited by 41 publications

References 20 publications

Reliability and Factorial Validity of Non-Specific and Tennis-Specific Pre-Planned Agility Tests; Preliminary Analysis

Reliability and Factorial Validity of Non-Specific and Tennis-Specific Pre-Planned Agility Tests; Preliminary Analysis

Importance of Reactive Agility and Change of Direction Speed in Differentiating Performance Levels in Junior Soccer Players: Reliability and Validity of Newly Developed Soccer-Specific Tests

Physiological and Anthropometric Determinants of Performance Levels in Professional Futsal

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