Analysis of the general match profile of international rugby union between 2007 and 2013

Kraak, Wilbur; Coetzee, Frederik F.; Venter, Ranel

doi:10.1080/24748668.2017.1336689

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The current study revealed that referees were not consistent with the application of the laws for the attacking and defending team because the referees favored the attacking team more. According to Kraak et al (2016, 2017), a possible reason why referees tend to favor the attacking team, by penalizing the defending team more frequently, was to improve the continuity of the game. If more of these dangerous illegal ruck clean outs were picked up by referees and sanctioned accordingly, it might improve player behavior and subsequently reduce the number of dangerous illegal ruck clean outs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Players are required to play the game in accordance with the WR Laws of the Game and should be mindful of their own safety and that of their own and opposition players. It is the responsibility of the coaches and trainers to ensure that players are prepared in a manner that comply with the laws of the game and safe practices (Kraak et al, 2016, 2017). The on-field referees are responsible for interpreting and applying the laws of the game during the match, thereby protecting the players from potential injury risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sanctioning of Illegal and Dangerous Ruck Cleanouts During the 2018 Super Rugby Competition

et al. 2019

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Rugby is a high contact sport that results in many injuries. The majority of injuries at senior elite levels result from contact phases during match-play. It is estimated that 10% of all match injuries are associated with the ruck in professional and community rugby. Surveillance of legal and illegal ruck cleanouts and the sanctions imposed by the on-field referees will help identify whether referees are actually enforcing the law according to the laws of the game, which will consequently contribute to the creation and implementation of further injury prevention strategies. Players should play the game in accordance with the laws of the game and be mindful of their own safety and that of others. Coaches and trainers of the game have the responsibility to ensure that players are prepared in a manner that comply with the World Rugby (WR) laws of the game and safe practices. Laws and law amendments are fundamental to the development of sport and introduced for a variety of reasons. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of sanctioning of illegal and dangerous ruck cleanouts during the 2018 Super Rugby competition by using Nacsport Basic+ video software; 120 round robin matches from the 2018 Super Rugby competition were coded and analyzed. The analysis of the intra reliability showed an almost perfect (>0.95) agreement between all the performance indicators. In total, 22,281 ruck cleanouts were coded of which 9% ( n = 2111) were illegal ruck cleanouts and 93% were not sanctioned by the referees; 57% (1087 out of 1953) of the illegal ruck cleanouts not sanctioned by the referees were deemed dangerous. The majority of dangerous illegal ruck cleanouts not sanctioned by the referees were “ shoulder charge ” (88%, n = 280), “ neck roll ” (86%, n = 100), and “contact above the shoulder” (81%, n = 201). To aid injury prevention efforts in rugby, future research studies should investigate why on-field referees are not sanctioning all illegal and dangerous ruck cleanouts according to WR Laws of the Game .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sanctioning of Illegal and Dangerous Ruck Cleanouts During the 2018 Super Rugby Competition

et al. 2019

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“…Since acquiring professional status in 1995, rugby has grown into a quicker, more dynamic sport with greater emphasis on well-developed physical characteristics of players [ 81 , 83 – 85 ]. Rugby players are subjected to frequent and powerful contact situations such as scrummaging, tackling, mauling and rucking [ 84 , 85 ] which require body mass, muscle flexibility, strength and power. Muscle flexibility optimises eccentric and concentric contraction of the muscle ensuring efficient generation of strength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Logical validation and evaluation of practical feasibility for the SCRuM (School Clinical Rugby Measure) test battery developed for young adolescent rugby players in a resource-constrained environment

et al. 2018

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There is a growing impetus towards usage of test batteries in talent identification (TID) programmes in rugby. Consequently, there are many test batteries in existence profiling anthropometric, physiological characteristics and rugby-specific skills. There is no consensus in the literature on the constituent variables and corresponding tests required to inform TID programs. Following development of a new test battery called the SCRuM (School Clinical Rugby Measure), this study aimed at establishing face, logical validity and practical feasibility of included tests. The test battery, initially comprised of 23 items, had its face and logical validity evaluated by five (5) adolescent rugby coaches and 20 rugby experts, respectively. Logical validation was conducted in two questionnaire-based rounds with Content Validity Index (I-CVI) calculated for each variable. Subsequently, a cross-sectional study targeting 30 local rugby coaches was conducted to determine the perceived practical feasibility of each test item. The results showed excellent I-CVI (>0.78) for 17 variables (speed, weight, height and skin fold measures, repeated high-intensity exercise performance ability, prolonged high-intensity intermittent running ability, change of direction speed, anaerobic capacity, lower-and upper body muscular power and strength, muscular flexibility, reactive agility, passing for accuracy, tackling proficiency, and catching). However, three tests, namely, Reactive Agility, One Repetition Maximum Back Squat and One Repetition Maximum Bench Press had low test-feasibility indices (T-FI< 35) suggesting practicality concerns with implementation in the Zimbabwean context. Thus, these findings suggest the need for substitution or development of new practically feasible tests for upper-and lower body muscular strength and reactive agility.

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“…In professional RU, ruck related injuries accounted for 10% of all injuries 9 and like the tackle, the ability to dominate the ruck contest is associated with overall player performance and team success. 11 Proficient contact technique, for both the ballcarrier and tackler, is recognised as a leading factor in reducing tackle injury risk, [12][13][14] while also increasing a player's chances of tackle success. [15][16][17] As such, international (World Rugby and the Rugby League International Federation) and national (for example, South African Rugby Union, New Zealand Rugby Union, Rugby Football League (UK)) governing bodies have invested substantial funding and resources into developing programmes that educate players, coaches and referees on the importance of proper technique during contact events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tackle and ruck technical proficiency in rugby union and rugby league: A systematic scoping review

Hollander

Ponce

Lambert

et al. 2020

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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The aim of this review was to consolidate and synthesise rugby union (RU) and rugby league (RL) studies on tackle and RU studies on ruck technique for rugby stakeholders. Forty-nine studies were identified (20 in RL and 29 in RU). RL studies primarily focussed on identifying factors that impact tackling ability. Leaner, fitter players, with greater lower body strength, tended to have more proficient tackle technique. Experience and level of play were positively associated with tackling ability. These findings highlight the importance of developing tackle technique and physical qualities to allow players to progress to higher levels. Research in RU mostly focussed on identifying tackle and ruck techniques associated with performance measures and injury outcomes. Eleven tackle techniques and five ball-carrier techniques were associated with both performance measures and injury outcomes. These findings support national injury prevention programmes that advocate that safe contact technique is also effective technique. (152 words)

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Analysis of the general match profile of international rugby union between 2007 and 2013

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Sanctioning of Illegal and Dangerous Ruck Cleanouts During the 2018 Super Rugby Competition

Sanctioning of Illegal and Dangerous Ruck Cleanouts During the 2018 Super Rugby Competition

Logical validation and evaluation of practical feasibility for the SCRuM (School Clinical Rugby Measure) test battery developed for young adolescent rugby players in a resource-constrained environment

Tackle and ruck technical proficiency in rugby union and rugby league: A systematic scoping review

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