Analysis of the medium (M) segment sequence of Guaroa virus and its comparison to other orthobunyaviruses

Briese, Thomas; Rambaut, Andrew; Lipkin, W. Ian

doi:10.1099/vir.0.80122-0

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…45 Triple-membrane-spanning NSm proteins are encoded in the M segments of orthobunyaviruses and have been implicated as scaffold proteins involved in virus assembly and morphogenesis. [46][47][48] Although also located between the Gn and Gc glycoproteins, they share no detectable sequence identity with nairovirus double-membrane-spanning NSm proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Characterization of Yogue, Kasokero, Issyk-Kul, Keterah, Gossas, and Thiafora Viruses: Nairoviruses Naturally Infecting Bats, Shrews, and Ticks

Walker¹,

Widen²,

Firth³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Characterization of Yogue, Kasokero, Issyk-Kul, Keterah, Gossas, and Thiafora Viruses: Nairoviruses Naturally Infecting Bats, Shrews, and Ticks

Walker¹,

Widen²,

Firth³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…1). Alignment of the glycoprotein gene sequences of 20 orthobunyaviruses indicates that site 1 (N60 for BUN) on Gn and site 3 (N1169 for BUN) on Gc are conserved for all viruses, whereas site 2 (N624 for BUN) on Gc is conserved among viruses in the Bunyamwera serogroup (4,15). The strict conservation of N glycosylation sites suggests that the presence of N-glycans plays an important role in protein function, perhaps in protein folding, intracellular protein trafficking, or virus infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1): one on Gn (at N residue 60) and two on Gc (N624 and N1169) (27). Alignment of the amino acid sequences of the glycoproteins encoded by members of the Orthobunyavirus genus revealed that the N glycosylation site on Gn and the second site on Gc (N60 and N1169 in BUN) are conserved in all members of the genus while the first site in Gc (N624 in BUN) is conserved only among Bunyamwera serogroup viruses (4). The strict conservation of N glycosylation sites in orthobunyavirus glycoproteins suggests that N-glycans are likely required for protein folding and biological functions of the viral glycoproteins.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of N-Linked Glycans on Bunyamwera Virus Glycoproteins in Intracellular Trafficking, Protein Folding, and Virus Infectivity

Shi

Brauburger

Elliott

2005

J Virol

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The membrane glycoproteins (Gn and Gc) of Bunyamwera virus (BUN, family Bunyaviridae) contain three potential sites for the attachment of N-linked glycans: one site (N60) on Gn and two (N624 and N1169) on Gc. We determined that all three sites are glycosylated. Digestion of the glycoproteins with endo-␤-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (endo H) or peptide:N-glycosidase F revealed that Gn and Gc differ significantly in their glycan status and that late in infection Gc glycans remain endo H sensitive. The roles of the N-glycans in intracellular trafficking of the glycoproteins to the Golgi, protein folding, and virus replication were investigated by mutational analysis and confocal immunofluorescence. Elimination of the glycan on Gn, by changing N60 to a Q residue, resulted in the protein misfolding and failure of both Gn and Gc proteins to traffic to the Golgi complex. We were unable to rescue a viable virus by reverse genetics from a cDNA containing the N60Q mutation. In contrast, mutant Gc proteins lacking glycans on either N624 or N1169, or both sites, were able to target to the Golgi. Gc proteins containing mutations N624Q and N1169Q acquired endo H resistance. Three viable N glycosylation-site-deficient viruses, lacking glycans on one site or both sites on Gc, were created by reverse genetics. The viability of these recombinant viruses and analysis of growth kinetics indicates that the glycans on Gc are not essential for BUN replication, but they do contribute to the efficiency of virus infection.

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“…Studies of another bunyavirus, Ngari virus, have shown that reassortment can result in changes in virulence (Briese et al, 2004). In the only study that has attempted to assess such differences for CCHFV, Burt and colleagues observed a higher mortality rate among South African patients infected by viruses whose M segments mapped to Asian clades (Burt et al, 2009).…”

Section: Evidence Of Genetic Reassortmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

et al. 2013

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Bente, Dennis A.; Forrester, Naomi L.; Watts, Douglas M.; McAuley, Alexander J.; Whitehouse, Chris A.; and Bray, Mike, "CrimeanCongo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity" (2013 b s t r a c tCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most important tick-borne viral disease of humans, causing sporadic cases or outbreaks of severe illness across a huge geographic area, from western China to the Middle East and southeastern Europe and throughout most of Africa. CCHFV is maintained in vertical and horizontal transmission cycles involving ixodid ticks and a variety of wild and domestic vertebrates, which do not show signs of illness. The virus circulates in a number of tick genera, but Hyalomma ticks are the principal source of human infection, probably because both immature and adult forms actively seek hosts for the blood meals required at each stage of maturation. CCHF occurs most frequently among agricultural workers following the bite of an infected tick, and to a lesser extent among slaughterhouse workers exposed to the blood and tissues of infected livestock and medical personnel through contact with the body fluids of infected patients. CCHFV is the most genetically diverse of the arboviruses, with nucleotide sequence differences among isolates ranging from 20% for the viral S segment to 31% for the M segment. Viruses with diverse sequences can be found within the same geographic area, while closely related viruses have been isolated in far distant regions, suggesting that widespread dispersion of CCHFV has occurred at times in the past, possibly by ticks carried on migratory birds or through the international livestock trade. Reassortment among genome segments during co-infection of ticks or vertebrates appears to have played an important role in generating diversity, and represents a potential future source of novel viruses. In this article, we first review current knowledge of CCHFV, summarizing its molecular biology, maintenance and transmission, epidemiology and geographic range. We also include an extensive discussion of CCHFV genetic diversity, including maps of the range of the virus with superimposed phylogenetic trees. We then review the features of CCHF, including the clinical syndrome, diagnosis, treatment, pathogenesis, vaccine development and laboratory animal models of CCHF. The paper ends with a discussion of the possible future geographic range of the virus. For the benefit of researchers, we include a Supplementary Table listing all published reports of CCHF cases and outbreaks in the English-language literature, plus some principal articles in other languages, with total case numbers, case fatality rates and all CCHFV strains on GenBank.

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Analysis of the medium (M) segment sequence of Guaroa virus and its comparison to other orthobunyaviruses

Cited by 20 publications

References 66 publications

Genomic Characterization of Yogue, Kasokero, Issyk-Kul, Keterah, Gossas, and Thiafora Viruses: Nairoviruses Naturally Infecting Bats, Shrews, and Ticks

Genomic Characterization of Yogue, Kasokero, Issyk-Kul, Keterah, Gossas, and Thiafora Viruses: Nairoviruses Naturally Infecting Bats, Shrews, and Ticks

Role of N-Linked Glycans on Bunyamwera Virus Glycoproteins in Intracellular Trafficking, Protein Folding, and Virus Infectivity

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

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