Analysis of the two-point discrimination test in daily routine practice

Boesch, Cedric E.; Medved, Fabian; Held, Manuel; Bender, Dominik; Schaller, Hans-Eberhard; Fuchsberger, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s00238-016-1265-8

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In hand surgery, the tactile perception and 2PD have been evaluated thoroughly 6,10,11. Similarly, the use of sensate flaps in plastic surgery reconstruction has been introduced long ago 15,16.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Even if the same instrument was used in all patients for site creation, the change in the angle of contact with the skin increases or decreases the extent, level and depth of the injury caused (Figure 4 In hand surgery, the tactile perception and 2PD have been evaluated thoroughly. 6,10,11 Similarly, the use of sensate flaps in plastic surgery reconstruction has been introduced long ago. 15,16 But in spite of huge number of hair restoration procedures being performed all over the world, the scalp sensitivity after the procedure has not been evaluated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 2PD values vary on different areas, gender, test modalities, skin temperature, etc 8,9. The 2‐point discrimination (2PD) has been widely studies in hand surgery patients 6,10,11. But it is not studied in patients undergoing hair restoration despite huge number of surgeries being performed every year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of hair restoration surgery on the scalp sensitivity

Malik¹,

Mohmand²

2020

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Background Hair transplant procedure is a surgical procedure which affects the sensitivity of the scalp. Objectives To compare scalp two‐point discrimination (2PD) values in healthy controls and patients who had hair transplant surgery. Patients/methods The comparative study was conducted in 25 healthy individuals and 25 patient who underwent hair transplant surgery (either strip surgery or FUE). An area was marked o scalp about 10 cm from the nasion. A caliper with 15 g weight was used. Both the prongs were ensured to be placed perpendicular to the skin. The contact time was only 2.0 seconds. An interval of 10 seconds was given before increasing the 2PD distance. In each measurement, the distance was increased by 1 mm. All the data were recorded and analyzed statistically using ANOVA test. Results The mean age of the control group was 29.72 and 31.7 years in patients' group. The average 2PD score in controls was 12.76 and 17.80 mm in patients. The average 2PD score was found to be 17.7 in patients who had surgery less than 18 months ago as compared to the score of 17.6 in patients who had surgery more than 18 months ago (P > .05). The smokers had less sensitivity as compared to the nonsmokers (P < .05). Conclusion The scalp sensitivity was found to be less than 39% in patients after hair transplant surgery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of hair restoration surgery on the scalp sensitivity

Malik¹,

Mohmand²

2020

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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“…The static 2PD test is used to evaluate the innervation density of slowly adapting nerve fibers [ 10 ]. An inexpensive and readily available tool is used to perform static 2PD tests, and some authors consider this test a gold standard in neurosensory examinations of the hand [ 11 ]. The SWM test, on the other hand, is used to evaluate the threshold of tactile sensitivity due to pressure applied with a specific force [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the widespread use of 2PD and SWM tests in clinical practice, the reliability of these tests is somewhat controversial. Some authors have confirmed the reliability of 2PD in post-stroke patients [ 16 ], carpal tunnel syndrome patients [ 4 , 17 ], patients with digital nerve damage [ 11 ], and children with hemiplegia [ 18 ]. For SWM, high reliability has been observed in patients with burn scars [ 19 ], Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease [ 20 ], and after a stroke [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Ulnar Nerve Sensation Tests in Patients with Cubital Tunnel Syndrome and Healthy Subjects

Wolny

Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas

Granek

et al. 2022

Diagnostics

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Static two-point discrimination (2PD) and Semmes–Weinstein monofilament (SWM) tests are commonly used to evaluate sensory disorders in the hand. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of 2PD and SWM tests in the ulnar nerve innervation area in patients with cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) and healthy individuals. This was a two-group repeated-measures inter-rater and intra-rater reliability study. Twenty-one patients with CuTS and 30 healthy adults participated. The static 2PD test was performed using a standardized Dellon discriminator, whereas the SWM test was conducted using TOUCH TEST monofilaments. Two examiners performed both tests at the hypothenar eminence and the fourth and fifth digits (ulnar nerve innervation hand territory). First, examiner A conducted three series of 2PD and SWM tests twice with a 15-min rest period (within-day intra-rater reliability). Next, examiner B repeated the same examination 5 min after (inter-rater reliability). Examiner A conducted the same examination 7 days after (between-day intra-rater reliability). For single measurements, the inter-rater reliability and within-day intra-rater reliability in the 2PD was at least 0.81 in patients with CuTS or healthy subjects. The between-days intra-rater reliability for a single measurement varied from 0.56 to 0.95 in CuTS patients and healthy subjects. The between-days intra-rater reliability for mean value from three measurements was above 0.80. The kappa for SWM was above 0.8 and the percentage of agreement was at least 90% for all sessions and trials. In conclusion, the 2PD and SWM tests are reliable for assessing sensation in the ulnar nerve innervation area of the hand in patients with CuTS and healthy subjects.

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Evaluation of the Neurological Conditions of the Elbow, Forearm and Hand

Arianni

2023

The Art of the Musculoskeletal Physical Exam

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Analysis of the two-point discrimination test in daily routine practice

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of hair restoration surgery on the scalp sensitivity

Effect of hair restoration surgery on the scalp sensitivity

Reliability of Ulnar Nerve Sensation Tests in Patients with Cubital Tunnel Syndrome and Healthy Subjects

Evaluation of the Neurological Conditions of the Elbow, Forearm and Hand

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